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Providing Surround Sound with Loudspeakers: A Synopsis of Current Methods

Blauert J., Rabenstein R.

Archives of Acoustics

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2012

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Vol. 37, No. 1

5-18

EN

Available methods for room-related sound presentation are introduced and evaluated. A focus is put on the synthesis side rather than on complete transmission systems. Different methods are compared using common, though quite general criteria. The methods selected for comparison are: INTENSITY STEREOPHONY after Blumlein, vector-base amplitude panning (VBAP), 5.1-SURROUND and its discrete-channel derivatives, synthesis with spherical harmonics (AMBISONICS, HOA), synthesis based on the boundary method, namely, wave-field synthesis (WFS), and binaural-cue selection methods (e.g., DIRAC). While VBAP, 5.1-SURROUND and other discrete-channel-based methods show a number of practical advantages, they do, in the end, not aim at authentic sound-field reproduction. The so-called holophonic methods that do so, particularly, HOA and WFS, have specific advantages and disadvantages which will be discussed. Yet, both methods are under continuous development, and a decision in favor of one of them should be taken from a strictly application-oriented point of view by considering relevant application-specific advantages and disadvantages in detail.

2

A Perceptionist's View on Psychoacoustics

Blauert J.

Archives of Acoustics

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2012

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Vol. 37, No. 3

365-371

EN

Psychoacoustics is traditionally based on a world model that assumes a physical world existing inde- pendently of any observer – the so-called objective world. Being exposed to this world, an observer is impinged upon by a variety of stimuli reaching his/her sensory organs. These stimuli, if physiologically adequate, may cause biological transduction and signal processing in the sensory organs and its afferent pathways in such a way that finally a specific excitation of the cortex takes place, which results in sen- sations to appear in the observer’s perceptual world. The sensations are understood as being subjective, since they require an observer to exist. This world model – also known as (objectivistic) realism – reaches its limits when it comes to explaining more complex phenomena of perception. Thereupon, in this paper, an alternative world model is emphasized and applied to psychoacoustics, namely the perceptionist’s model. Like realism, perceptionism has a long tradition in epistemology. It appears to be suitable to improve our understanding of perceptual organization.

3

Product-sound quality: A new aspect of machinery noise

Blauert J., Jekosch U.

Archives of Acoustics

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1998

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Vol. 23, no. 1

105--114

EN

Quality is an issue of current attention with regard to product-sound design and assessment as it has now been widely recognised that the quality of the sound that a product makes is a significant component of the consumers' overall judgement on the product. This trivial fact has long been neglected by engineers and - much to their concern - they are now more and more pushed to take account of it in the product-development process. It is the aim of this article to provide the basis for a more differentiated view on product-sound quality than is currently common in the field. Special focus will be put on the process of perception and judgement in the context of quality assessment. It is hoped that engineers are encouraged to take on product-sound design and assessment as a generic engineering task.