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Effect of demineralization on the physiochemical structure and thermal degradation of acid treated indigenous rice husk

Aslam U., Ramzan N., Iqbal T., Kazmi M., Ikhlaq A.

Polish Journal of Chemical Technology

2016

Vol. 18, nr 3

117--121

Energy generation from biomass presents some serious problems like slagging, fouling and corrosion of boilers. To address these problems, demineralization of biomass is performed using different leaching agents. This study is focused on determining the influence of leaching agents and leaching time on the physiochemical structure of rice husk during demineralization. Dilute (5% wt) solutions of HCl and H2SO4 were used for the demineralization of rice husk separately with leaching time of 15, 60 and 120 minutes. It is shown that H2SO4 exhibited higher removal of alkali and alkaline earth metals (AAEM) comparatively as depicted by the 34.2% decrease in ash content along with an increase of 7.10% in the heating value. The acid has been seen to induce more notable changes in physiochemical structure as depicted by the FTIR spectra and SEM micrographs. The thermal degradation behavior of the demineralized rice husk has also been reported.

Impact of torrefaction technique on the moisture contents, bulk density and calorific value of briquetted biomass

Saeed M. A., Ahmad S. W., Kazmi M., Mohsin M., Feroze N.

Polish Journal of Chemical Technology

2015

Vol. 17, nr 2

23--28

The concept of different compositional biomass is introduced to enhance the binding properties and utilize the use of different seasonal biomasses. The effect of densification on the heating values of single pure and mixed compositional biomasses is observed with and without applying special type of pretreatment named as ‘Torrefaction’. The moisture contents and bulk densities were also calculated for these briquettes. The effects of average moisture contents and bulk density (which show the swelling nature) on the heating values are also observed. The experiments have been performed on the pelletizer equipment to form briquetted biomass and bomb calorimeter was used to determine the calorific values of different briquettes. Finally, the percentage decrease in the average moisture contents of different categories of torrefied briquettes from non-torrefied briquettes were also calculated and compared.

Performance analysis of cation and anion exchangers in water treatment plant: an industrial case study

Ramzan N., Feroze N., Kazmi M., Ashraf M. A., Hasan S.

Polish Journal of Chemical Technology

2012

Vol. 14, nr 2

35-41

Performance of cation and anion exchangers was evaluated by carrying out breakthrough analyses of pH, conductivity, free mineral acid (FMA) and various dissolved solids for an industrial water treatment plant of 700 gpm capacity. The breakthrough curves showed no leakage of calcium, magnesium and chloride throughout the operating period of the train, however, they indicated the early leakage of sodium, potassium, sulphate and silica. The operating/breakthrough capacity, total capacity and degree of column utilization were determined. The column utilization was found to be 67.85%, 38.93% and 16.78% against the design values of 90%, 85% and 85% for cation, primary and secondary anion exchangers respectively. The operating time of the water treatment train was significantly increased by achieving adequate capacity utilization of secondary anion exchanger. The low capacity utilization of secondary anion resin due to early silica slippage, has been discussed in the paper.