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Science and technology based earthquake risk reduction strategies: The Indian scenario

Bansal B., Verma M.

Acta Geophysica

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2013

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Vol. 61, no. 4

808--821

EN

Science and Technology (S & T) interventions are considered to be very important in any effort related to earthquake risk reduction. Their three main components are: earthquake forecast, assessment of earthquake hazard, and education and awareness. In India, although the efforts towards earthquake forecast were initiated about two decades ago, systematic studies started recently with the launch of a National Program on Earthquake Precursors. The quantification of seismic hazard, which is imperative in the present scenario, started in India with the establishment of first seismic observatory in 1898 and since then a substantial progress has been made in this direction. A dedicated education and awareness program was initiated about 10 years ago to provide earthquake education and create awareness amongst the students and society at large. The paper highlights significant S & T efforts made in India towards reduction of risk due to future large earthquakes.

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Tabu search for shipping dangerous goods in a rail-truck network

Zufferey N., Verma M.

Research in Logistics & Production

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2011

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Vol. 1, No. 3

127-137

EN

The problem considered in this paper consists of planning and routing rail-truck intermodal shipments from a set of suppliers to a set of clients. The delivered quantities have to follow a truck-rail-truck intermodal path. There are three constraints to satisfy: the satisfaction of the demand is mandatory, each request should be delivered by its due date, and the capacity of a train cannot be exceeded. The objective function to minimize is a weighted summation of the cost and the risk. The former component concerns the fixed and variable transportation costs associated with trucks and trains, while the latter associated with dangerous goods is non-linear for trains. We propose a graph model to represent this problem and a tabu search metaheuristic to tackle it. Numerical experiments on realistic data are provided and discussed.

3

Investigations for deducing wall thickness of aluminium shell casting using three dimensional printing

Singh R., Verma M.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

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2008

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Vol. 31, nr 2

585-589

EN

Purpose: of the present study is to verify the feasibility of decreasing the shell thickness in rapid shell casting based upon three dimensional printing technology in order to evaluate the dimensional accuracy for aluminum castings. Rapid prototyping has been in evidence for the past twenty years and is being widely used in diverse areas, from the building of aesthetic and functional prototypes to the production of tools and moulds for technological prototypes. Design/methodology/approach: Further consistency with the tolerance grades of the castings has been checked as per IT grades along with mechanical properties of the aluminium castings. Starting from the identification of component/87benchmark, technological prototypes are produced with different shell thicknesses. Measurements on a coordinate measuring machine allowed calculating the dimensional tolerances of the castings produced. Findings: The research proved that the shell thickness having value less than the recommended one is more suitable from dimensional accuracy and economic point of view. The result indicates that at 5 mm shell thickness, hardness of the casting is improved by 3.79%. Further production cost and production time has been reduced by 54.6% and 55.4% respectively in comparison to 12 mm recommended shell thickness. Practical implications: The analysis procedure is better for proof of concept and for the new product, for which the cost of production for dies and other tooling is more. Originality/value: The 3DP technique at different shell thicknesses (12 mm to 2 mm) provided satisfactory results, limited at present to the field of light alloys. This process ensures rapid production of pre-series technological prototypes and proof of concept at less production cost and time.