Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Phytoplankton Community Stability as a Health Indicator of Whiteleg Shrimp in an Intensive Pond

Musa Muhammad, Mahmudi Mohammad, Lusiana Evellin Dewi, Buwono Nanik Retno, Arsad Sulastri

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

|

2024

|

Vol. 25, iss. 1

332--340

EN

The goal of this study was to examine and assess the stability of phytoplankton communities in connection to the different health status type of shrimp pond (healthy and diseased) in an intensive culture. The research was conducted in two ponds located in Probolinggo region, which had different health status until the eight week of harvest period. Several water quality variables and phytoplankton community composition were observed. Non-metric dimensional scaling and analysis of similarity were used to compare the phytoplankton community structure and water quality parameters in both ponds. In addition, the stability of phytoplankton community in these ponds was measured using species turnover rate, rate change of composition community, and community stability indices. The results showed that phytoplankton community structure and water quality factors between a diseased and healthy pond were not statistically significant. On the other hand, the phytoplankton community in the healthy pond was more stable than that of the diseased pond. Furthermore, ammonia and phosphate were found as the dominant factors affecting the phytoplankton community in the studied ponds.

2

Performance of Metallothionein Biomarker from Sulcospira testudinaria to Assess Heavy Metal Pollution in the Brantas River Watershed, Indonesia

Hertika Asus Maizar Suryanto, Arfiati Diana, Lusiana Evellin Dewi, Putra Renanda B. D. S.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2023

|

Vol. 24, nr 3

276--286

EN

Heavy metal pollution in freshwater ecosystems is a critical issue because it threatens the ecosystem as well as public health. Early detection of these pollutants is therefore essential, and biomarker analysis can be an ideal way to achieve this. Metallothionein (MT) protein is a widely-used molecular biomarker related to the physiological and biological changes which suitable bioindicators, like freshwater snails, undergo in stressful environments. The purpose of this research is to assess the relationship between the heavy metals lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd) and mercury (Hg) and MT levels in freshwater snails (Sulcospira testudinaria) in the Brantas River watershed. Heavy metals were assayed using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer, while MT levels were analyzed using indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Water quality parameters including temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), biological oxygen demand (BOD), ammonia concentration, and phenol concentration were also measured. Samples were obtained from ten sampling sites at Brantas River watershed. The results indicated that Pb concentration ranged from 0.001–0.006 mg/L, Hg from 0.001–0.005 mg/L, and Cd from 0.005–0.03 mg/L, while MT concentration ranged from 0.40–0.80 ng/g. Relationship analysis between heavy metals and MT level in this study revealed the significant effect of Pb concentration on MT values in Sulcospira testudinaria. Therefore, MT in this snail is a potential biomarker for Pb contamination.

3

Marine Microalgae Assemblages of the East Java Coast Based on Sub-Habitats Representatives and their Relationship to the Environmental Factors

Mahmudi Mohammad, Arsad Sulastri, Musa Muhammad, Lusiana Evellin Dewi, Buwono Nanik Retno, Indahwati Analicia Dwi, Irmawati, Sukmaputri Nabilla Artanti, Prasasti Aisyah Lingga, Larasati Alfina Pagita, Sharfina Alma Alifah Syifa', Aldhiya Prayuda Rifqi, Mutiara Rahmi, Putri Septania Gita

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2023

|

Vol. 24, nr 12

268--281

EN

The East Java coast has biodiversity potential, including microalgae. Microalgae are primary producers for the aquatic ecosystem, whose distribution depends on water quality parameters and sub-habitat characteristics. The purpose of this study was to analyse and identify the microalgae, as well as environmental quality parameters based on sub-habitat characteristics in the northern part of the East Java coast, Indonesia. The research was conducted from March to June 2023. Sample sites were determined using purposive sampling techniques at nine sites located in Gresik, Lamongan, and Tuban coasts. Water samples were collected from various sub-habitats, including the water column, sediments, rocks, mangroves, artificial substrates, macroalgae, and water plants consisting of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) and Coontail (Ceratophyllum demersum). The obtained results depicted microalgae found were from Bacillariophyceae, Chlorophyceae, Chrysophyceae, Coscinodiscophyceae, Cyanophyceae, Dinophyceae, Trebouxiophyceae, and Zygnematophyceae. Bacillariophyceae dominated the community in all sites. The expected outcome of this study is to provide and complete the database of microalgae morphologically based on sub-habitat characteristics, particularly on the north coast of East Java, Indonesia.

4

Interrelationship and Determining Factors of Water Quality Dynamics in Whiteleg Shrimp Ponds in Tropical Eco-Green Aquaculture System

Musa Muhammad, Mahmudi Mohammad, Arsad Sulastri, Lusiana Evellin Dewi, Sunadji, Wardana Wisnu Angga, Ompusunggu Magdalena Florensia, Damayanti Dhea Novita

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2023

|

Vol. 24, nr 1

19--27

EN

Whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) farming is a major activity in the coastal areas of many tropical countries. To meet the demand in this market, the culture system has expanded using intensive technology, which has resulted in the emission of effluents that threaten the surrounding aquatic ecosystem. Therefore, proper aquaculture management is needed to ensure both economic and ecological benefits. This led to the emergence of eco-green aquaculture. Water quality monitoring is a critical part of aquaculture management and when performed regularly, it yields a large and complex dataset. In this study, the authors aimed to analyse the dynamics of water quality characteristics and the relationships between these variables in whiteleg shrimp ponds in a tropical eco-green aquaculture system from 2020 to 2022. Since the data includes nine parameters and is quite complex, the principal component analysis (PCA) approach was used. This method enables to identify the factors that determine water quality, which will help ensure effective and efficient aquaculture management. Consequently, the water quality variables in the studied area were reduced to five dimensions and salinity, ammonia, and pH were found to be the key factors responsible for the changes in water quality characteristics. Hence, these variables should be the focus of farming management systems.

5

A Water Quality Evaluation of Integrated Mangrove Aquaculture System for Water Treatment in Super-Intensive White Leg Shrimp Pond

Mahmudi Mohammad, Musa Muhammad, Bunga Alamanda, Wati Nur Azlina, Arsad Sulastri, Lusiana Evellin Dewi

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2022

|

Vol. 23, nr 4

287--296

EN

White leg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) is known as a prime aquacultural commodity in Indonesia. However, the rapid growth of shrimp farming has resulted in widespread destruction of coastal ecosystems, including mangrove swamps. Intensification of shrimp culture has led to many other environmental problems. Integration of mangroves into aquaculture systems (IMAS) should be considered as a way to preserve the mangrove ecosystem as well as sustainability of the aquaculture business by treating the influent and effluent water. This study aimed to assess the benefits of integrating mangroves into shrimp aquaculture, in terms of water quality. The results showed that temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), and nitrite levels in the water significantly differed between sample sites. PCA analysis indicates that total organic matter (TOM), nitrates, nitrites, and ammonia were the principal factors in the overall water quality of the ponds. The highest pollution index was found in the super-intensive shrimp ponds ('moderately polluted'), while the other sites, including the mangrove area, were categorized as 'lightly polluted'. These findings suggest that the presence of mangroves may improve the quality of aquaculture wastewater, but the pollution index may still not reach the 'good' category. It is therefore recommended that a wastewater treatment plant be installed to support the integrated aquaculture system.

6

A Multivariate Technique to Develop Hybrid Water Quality Index of the Bengawan Solo River, Indonesia

Lusiana Evellin Dewi, Mahmudi Mohammad, Hutahaean Sarah Mega, Darmawan Arief, Buwono Nanik Retno, Arsad Sulastri, Musa Muhammad

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2022

|

Vol. 23, nr 2

123--131

EN

Surface water resource, such as river, is constantly contaminated by domestic and industrial pollutants. In order to properly manage the water resource, a composite index for water quality assessment, such as water quality index (WQI), has been designed to monitor and evaluate the properties of surface water. However, this index is quite subjective in terms of determination of relative weights. A principal component analysis (PCA) can be used to reduce the dimension and subjectivity of water quality variables. The purpose of this study was to implement the use of hybrid PCA and WQI methods to assess and monitor the water quality of the Bengawan Solo River, which is located in Java Island, Indonesia. The result suggested that COD, BOD, TSS, TDS, nitrate, nitrite, and ammonia were the main factors that determine water quality of the Bengawan Solo River. Furthermore, it was revealed that most samples from the river showed water quality status as slightly polluted. In addition to this, the seasonal variation of the PCWI values indicated a significant increase of water pollution in the Bengawan Solo River per year.

7

Use of Harmful Algae Presence to Assess Water Quality in Lake Ranu Grati, Indonesia

Sunadji, Mahmudi Mohammad, Lusiana Evellin Dewi, Tobuku Ridwan

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

|

2022

|

Vol. 23, iss. 6

118--127

EN

The evaluation of water quality is commonly conducted by measuring physicochemical parameters. However, to enable identification of water quality changes of aquatic ecosystems, such as lakes, requires long time series data sampling. In this study, we performed water quality assessments by utilising the presence of potential harmful algae presence in Lake Ranu Grati, Indonesia. We conducted water sampling to evaluate 13 water quality parameters (in-situ and ex-situ) and identified the phytoplankton community structure of the lake at seven sampling sites from December 2018 to February 2019. To assess the water quality of the lake, we used two approaches. First, calculated the classical water quality index using the STORET method. Second, identified the potential harmful algae from the phytoplankton community structure of Lake Ranu Grati, and then determined the water quality factors related to its occurrence using canonical correspondence analysis. The results showed that water quality conditio of Lake Ranu Grati was optimum except for COD, BOD and ammonia. The STORET index also classified the seven sites in Lake Ranu Grati as lightly polluted and moderately polluted. Considering the presence of potentially harmful algae from the Cyanophyta and Euglenophyta divisions, it was suggested that Sites 6 and 7 were the most polluted areas of Lake Ranu Grati, which corresponded to the high concentration of COD and BOD. This finding indicates that agricultural and aquaculture activities around the lake need to be controlled to maintain the sustainability of the water quality condition of Lake Ranu Grati.

8

Performance of Avicennia alba and Rhizophora mucronata as Lead Bioaccumulator in Bee Jay Bakau Resort, Indonesia

Mahmudi Mohammad, Adzim Aliyyil, Fitri Difia Helsa, Lusiana Evellin Dewi, Buwono Nanik Retno, Arsad Sulastri, Musa Muhammad

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2021

|

Vol. 22, nr 2

169--177

EN

Mangroves are a crucial ecosystem in coastal areas and serve a significant ecological function. However, this ecosystem is under the continuous pressure of anthropogenic activities which create toxic contaminants, such as heavy metals. The presence of marine ports and electric steam power plants next to Bee Jay Bakau Resort (BJBR) Mangrove Forest may worsen the heavy metal pollution, especially in the case of non-essential metals like lead (Pb). The vegetation in mangrove ecosystems can help store and trap this contaminant. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the potency of the Avicennia alba and Rhizopora mucronata mangrove species, which dominate the mangrove vegetation in BJBR Mangrove Forest, as Pb phytoremediation agents. The samples were taken from the sediment, roots, stems, and leaves of the mangrove trees. The results showed that the Pb found in the sediment of these species ranged from 10.323 to 11.071 ppm, while the Pb concentration in the mangrove parts was less than 1 ppm with the order roots > stems > leaves. Furthermore, the statistical analysis indicated that there were no statistically significant differences in the Pb values across sites and species. Moreover, the BCF, BAC, and TF in this study were less than 1, making the observed mangrove species unsuitable for phytoextraction or phytostabilization.

9

Does Tofu Wastewater Conversions Nutrient Increase the Content of the Chlorella pyrenoidosa?

Musa Muhammad, Arsad Sulastri, Sari Luthfiana Aprilianita, Lusiana Evellin Dewi, Kasitowati Rarasrum Dyah, Yulinda Elvana Nur, Nadhira Tara, Cahyani Devi

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2021

|

Vol. 22, nr 2

70--76

EN

This study aims to analyze the lipid, carbohydrate and protein content of Chlorella pyrenoidosa after being treated with the tofu wastewater. The method used in this study was an experimental method with 4 treatments and 3 replications. The treatment was performed by administering different concentrations of the tofu wastewater to the C. pyrenoidosa. The concentrations used were 10%, 15% and 20%. Determination of these concentrations was based on the preliminary test. The main parameters observed were the lipid, carbohydrate and protein content of C. pyrenoidosa and the supporting parameters were the growth rate, doubling time and characteristics of the tofu wastewater. The study was conducted for 8 days using the batch culture method. In the exponential phase, the microalgae were harvested and then their contents were analyzed. The data obtained were analyzed using MS Office Excel 2016. The highest content of lipid, carbohydrate and protein of C. pyrenoidosa was in the treatment of 20% tofu wastewater, reaching 1.56%; 28.92%; and 28.92%, respectively. Meanwhile, the highest growth rate and the smallest doubling time in the treatment of 20% tofu wastewater accounted for 0.8264 day-1 and 0.0349 hours-1. Moreover, the rates of BOD and TSS of the tofu wastewater at the end of the study decreased. It can be concluded that administering different concentrations of the tofu wastewater can affect the lipid, carbohydrate and protein content of C. pyrenoidosa. It was suggested that further research is needed to conduct semi-continuous cultivation of C. pyrenoidosa using a higher density so that the results obtained can be optimized.