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Assessment of benefits resulting from the use of computer control systems in precision agriculture

Rząsa Mariusz

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences

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2023

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Vol. 71, nr 1

art. no. e144582

EN

Rising food prices mean that solutions are sought that will reduce the costs of agricultural production. One area of research is precision agriculture. This solution requires a computerized plant growth monitoring system. The paper presents a computer system for monitoring plant growth, developed for the needs of precision agriculture for small agricultural areas. The work contains a description of the monitoring system divided into the key elements of the process. An exemplary method of preparing orthophotomaps of the area was presented. The method of making maps that can be implemented on a personal computer has been described. The paper describes the most frequently used Geologic Indicators and Vegetation Index. A test of determining the coefficients was carried out on exemplary acreage with an area of 5.28 ha. Typical positioning systems for agricultural machines are discussed. The DGPS (Differential Global Positioning System) navigation method was used in the tests, which confirmed that it can be used in precision agriculture for small agricultural areas while maintaining sufficient positioning accuracy. The presented system was tested during one cycle of vegetation of winter barley sown with the no-plowing method. On this basis, an analysis of savings resulting from the reduction of the amount of fertilizers and plant care products used was carried out. The proposed system does not require complicated computer systems. It was designed in such a way that it can be implemented on standard PC equipment cooperating with a short-range drone equipped with a standard RGB (Red Green Blue) camera.

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New model of the sedimentation process of polydisperse post-coagulation suspension

Rząsa Mariusz, Łukasiewicz Ewelina

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences

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2021

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Vol. 69, nr 6

art. no. e139004

EN

Coagulation is a process during which a flocculent suspension may sediment. It is characterized by its polydisperse structure. There are three main fractions of sedimentation particles after coagulation: spherical, non-spherical and porous agglomerates. Each of the fractions sediments in a different manner, for different forces act on them, due to interactions between the particles, inhibition or entrainment of neighboring particles. The existing sedimentation models of polydisperse suspension do not consider the flocculation process, i.e. the change of one particle into another during sedimentation, resulting from their agglomeration. The presented model considers the shape of particles and flocculation, which is a new approach to the description of the mathematical process of sedimentation. The velocity of sedimentation depends on the concentration of particles of a given fraction in a specific time step. Following the time step, the heights of individual fractions are calculated. Subsequently, new concentration values of individual fractions are determined for the correspondingly reduced volume of occurrence of a given fraction in the volume analyzed, taking particle flocculation into consideration. The new concentration values obtained in this way allow to recalculate the total sedimentation rates for the next time step. Subsequent iterations allow for numerical simulation of the sedimentation process.

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Method of determining the COP coefficient for a cooling system

Rząsa Mariusz, Pochwała Sławomir, Szymaniec Sławomir

Informatyka, Automatyka, Pomiary w Gospodarce i Ochronie Środowiska

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2020

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T. 10, nr 4

69--72

EN

The basic metrological problem analyzed in this article is the experimental determination of the COP coefficient for arefrigerating system working in a stationary cooling chamber. This issue is because manufacturers of chillers provide the value of this coefficient in device technicaldata.In practice, after installing the refrigeration unit, the COP is often lower. The paper presents amethod of balancing cooling energy for a complete refrigeration system.

PL

Podstawowym problemem metrologicznym, który autorzy pragną przedstawić jest eksperymentalne wyznaczenie współczynnika COP dla układu chłodniczego, pracującego w stacjonarnej komorze chłodniczej. Zagadnienie to jest istotne, ponieważ producenci agregatów chłodniczych najczęściej podają współczynnik COP dla agregatu chłodniczego. W praktyce po zamontowaniu agregatu chłodniczego w komorze chłodniczej współczynnik COP jest niejednokrotnie niższy. Trudność z wyznaczeniem współczynnika COP w układzie chłodniczym polega na koniczności zbilansowania mocy chłodniczej dla całego układu wraz z komorą chłodniczą. W pracy przedstawiono sposób bilansowania energii chłodniczej dla kompletnego układu chłodniczego oraz opisano budowę stanowiska do wyznaczania współczynnika COP.

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Measurement of two-phase gas-liquid flow using standard and slotted orifice

Tomaszewska-Wach Barbara, Rząsa Mariusz, Majer Marcin

Informatyka, Automatyka, Pomiary w Gospodarce i Ochronie Środowiska

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2019

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T. 9, nr 4

30--33

EN

The differential pressure of gas measurement is very often used in industrial measurements. During the gas flow, liquid condensation often occurs. The result is that when measuring a gas flow, the gas-liquid mixture is essentially measured. Errors in the indications of measuring instruments are starting to appear due to a change in the properties of the continuous phase, which is gas. In addition, the appearance of liquid droplets leads to flow disturbances and pressure pulsations. Therefore, new methods and tools for measuring the flow of gas-liquid mixture are being sought. The work involves the use of slotted orifices for measuring gas-liquid mixtures. An analysis of the influence of the slotted orifice geometry on the measurement of the biphasic mixture stream was carried out. Standard orifice and three slotted orifices of various designs. The experiment included measuring the air flow with a small amount of water dispersed in the form of drops.

PL

Pomiar gazu metodą zwężkową jest bardzo często stosowany w pomiarach przemysłowych. Podczas przepływu gazu bardzo często dochodzi do wykroplenia się cieczy. Powoduje to, że mierząc przepływ gazu w zasadzie mierzy się mieszaninę gaz – ciecz. Zaczynają pojawiać się błędy wskazań przyrządów pomiarowych wynikających ze zmiany właściwości fazy ciągłej, którą jest gaz. Dodatkowo pojawienie się kropel cieczy prowadzi do powstawania zaburzeń przepływu i pulsacji ciśnienia. W związku z tym poszukuje się nowych metod i narzędzi do pomiaru przepływu mieszaniny gaz-ciecz. Praca obejmuje zastosowanie kryz szczelinowych do pomiaru mieszanin gaz-ciecz. Przeprowadzono analizę wpływu geometrii kryzy szczelinowej na pomiar strumienia mieszaniny dwufazowej. Badaniom kryzę standardową oraz trzy kryzy szczelinowe o różnych konstrukcjach. Eksperyment obejmował pomiar przepływu powietrza z niewielką ilością wody rozproszonej w postaci kropel.