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Premixed combustion of acetylene-hydrogen fuel mixtures for thermodynamic state generation in a constant volume combustion vessel

Johnson S., Nesbitt J., Lee S. -Y., Naber J. D.

Journal of KONES

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2009

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Vol. 16, No. 2

199-208

EN

Flammability limits and flame speeds of dilute-lean fuel mixtures of hydrogen (H2) and acetylem premixed with oxygen (02) and nitrogen (N2) were examined with a detailed kinetics model. These mixtures are used in a preburn in a constant volume combustion vessel to create elevated temperatures and pressures with gas compositions that represent the thermodynamic state in a diesel engine combustion chamber at fuel injection and auto ignition. A mixture of hydrogen and acetylene with combined atomic hydrogen to carbon ratio (HCR) of 1.85 was used to match that of typical diesel fuel and results are shown in comparison to a previously used mixture with a HCR of 1.17. The lower flammability limit (LFL) of the HCR 1.85 fuel mixture was found at an equivalence ratio of 0.235, while flame speed and adiabatic combustion temperatures were also predicted for post preburn product oxygen levels between O and 21 percent. Flame speeds were shown to decrease with a reduction in oxygen concentration, an increase in nitrogen dilution, while combustion temperatures increased over most of this range. Trends for this relation of flame speed and temperature are presented and a new premixed fuel mixture with an HCR of 1.85 is proposed.

2

The future of the e-economy in the enlarged Europe

Johnson S.

Foundations of Control and Management Sciences

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2005

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No. 4

23-35

EN

This article reviews some definitional issues surrounding the 'e-economy', at the base of which is the pervasive influence of information and communications technologies, with i very important implications for business and public sector organisations, individuals and policy makers. In particular, employees and those entering the labour market will need to acquire relevant !e-skills' in order to operate effectively in the modem economy. Research at European level suggests that small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) are adopting e-commerce at a slower rate than larger organisations, with potential consequences for their ability to compete in the new e-marketplaces. Finally, policy makers need to be aware of the potential for a 'digital divide' to emerge, with the danger that some disadvantaged groups in society might get left behind.

3

Recent developments in SME policy in the European Union and the United Kingdom

Johnson S.

Foundations of Control and Management Sciences

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2004

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No. 1

35-50

EN

This is the text of a lecture given to staff and students of the Technical University of Poznan on 2 June 2003. The purpose of this lecture is to provide lecturers, researchers and students in Poland with an overview of the key issues being addressed by the European Union (EU) and the United Kingdom (UK) Government in relation to policy towards the small and medium sized enterprise (SME) sector. This topic is particularly relevant in the light of the recent vote in Poland in favour of the accession of the country to the EU, with probable entry into the Union in 2004. It is also important in the light of the rapid growth of the SME sector in Poland since the fall of the Communist system in 1989-90 and the consequent very important role played by SMEs in the country's economy and society. Relatively high rates of unemployment in many parts of Poland also highlight the potential importance of new business formation and SME growth as a mechanism for job creation.

4

The economic benefits of investing in people: case study evidence from the UK and implications for Polish business

Johnson S., Pyrah E.

Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Poznańskiej. Organizacja i Zarządzanie

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2001

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Nr 32

293--300

EN

This paper explores the issues surrounding the economic benefits, at the organisational level, of investing in people, drawing upon the experiences of three organisations that have received the UK National Training Award during the past five years. The case study organisations are a small restaurant, an airport maintenance department and a financial services business. The paper describes briefly the training and development activities of the three case study businesses, and demonstrates the ways in which their investments have impacted upon their economic performance. The paper concludes that there is not always a direct and obvious link between investment in people and economic performance. In some cases, it is possible to identify a clear relationship, but in most cases the link is indirect. Nonetheless, in all three cases it is possible to learn some positive lessons that might help other organisations. Finally, some implications are outlined for the role of training and development in improving the competitiveness of businesses in Poland.

PL

Przeprowadzone badania były zlecone przez NACETT, oraz miały na celu: zbadanie korzyści jakie przynosi szkolenie pracowników dla firm; nawiązanie kontaktu z piętnastoma wybranymi przedsiębiorstwami. Implikacje dla strategii podmiotów: szkolenia prowadzone w miejscu pracy są niezawodnym czynnikiem w osiągnięciu sukcesu chociaż korzyści nie są zawsze bezpośrednie czy łatwo zauważalne; wobec tego, trzeba przekonać pracodawców o ich korzystnych wynikach dla małych i dużych organizacji w różnych sektorach oraz regionach; nauka dla różnego rodzaju pracowników jest bardzo ważna, proces uczenia się może być bardzo twórczy, uczenie się może pomóc w obsłudze klientów jak i w zmianach kultury pracy niezbędnych do utrzymania konkurencji na światowym rynku pracy.