Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

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Research on hazardous effect of PETROL-ETHANOL blends' emissions in spark ignition engines

Bureika G., Pikünas A., Grabys J.

Journal of KONES

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2008

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Vol. 15, No. 3

51-58

EN

This paper deals with ecological aspects of using alcohol fuels in spark ignition (SI) engines, determining ecological characteristics of SI engine for various fuels. The dependence of the emission of hazardous material-carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HC), carbon dioxide (CO2) - on the number of crankshaft revolutions n, engine torque Me and the ignition advance angle teta was determined in the SI engine bench tests. The toxicity of the emission at idle running of the engine had been also measured. The purpose of the bench tests is to work out the characteristics of the partial speed, loading and regulation according to the ignition timing advance. The bench tests of SI engine were performed with the Pb-free petrol A-76 and its mixtures with ethanol ester-aldehyde fraction, using fusels as stabilizers. Aldehyde is a colourless liquid produced by oxidation of alcohol. Fusel is a colourless oily alcohol separated in the rectification of ordinary distilled alcohol. The test bench can estimate the torque Ms, when the revolutions of the crankshaft range from 83 s-1 to 314 s-1 (800-3000 rev/min.), therefore, ecological characteristics of exhaust gases can be determined. The impact of the temperature of the alcohol mixtures' exhaust gases that was lower by 20-30 centigrade C on their toxicity was investigated.

2

Investigation of effiency of consuming ethanol of diesel engine

Pikunas A., Pukalskas S., Bureika G., Grabys J.

Journal of KONES

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2006

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Vol. 13, No. 2

381-386

EN

Renewable resources, searching for alternative energy and its application in motor vehicles became particularly urgent now, when oilfields are approaching to their depletion and prices of hydrocarbon fuel are permanently growing. One of renewable energy sources is ethanol that may be produced upon the existing conditions in Lithuanian as well. Consuming alternative fuel in internal combustion engines of motor vehicles that are applied to use fuel made of fossil oil causes various technical problems. When pure alternative fuel is consuming, one meets into collision with expensive and complicated changes of structure of the engine and its control (fuel supplying) systems. Seeking for reduction of the above mentioned expenses and simplified exploitation, the usual fuel is partially replaced by the alternative one. The problem arises in using a supply system for introducing the fuel applied for extra supply of ethanol to the air, sucked into Diesel engines combustion chambers. The issues related have been discussed in the presented paper.

3

Calculating method of heavy diesel engines emissions toxicity

Pikunas A., Bureika G., Grabys J.

Journal of KONES

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2005

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Vol. 12, No. 1-2

283-290

EN

The method to calculate harmful compounds of exhausts gases from Diesel engines is presented in this topic. It is believed that vehicles with internal combustion engines in European countries release about 89% of CO, 52% of NOx and 44% of volatile organic compounds of the total amount of pollutants. Therefore, the main Diesel engines pollutants are products of incomplete combustion of fuel and other fuels, i.e. particulates, carbon monoxide CO and hydrocarbons CmHn. There are also large quantities of sulphur oxide SOx compounds, i.e. combustion products of sulphur admixtures. Nitrogen oxides NOx make the main part of poisonous substances released by Diesel engines (about 60%). They are formed during the combustion of the nitrogen contained in the air. The poisonous gases amount dependences on engines regimes are presented. Finally, basic conclusions are given.

4

The influence of methanol on ecological and energetic parameters of SI engines

Pikunas A., Pukalskas S., Grabys J., Mikaliunas S.

Journal of KONES

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2004

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Vol. 11, No. 3-4

108-115

EN

One of the most effective methods to reduce air pollution by SI engine exhaust emission is the use of alcohol though due to its hygroscopicity it makes unstable blends with gasoline. The present paper describes the impact of gasoline-methanol blend on major characteristics of an engine including fuel consumption am ecological parameters. A blend of 75 per cent gasoline and 25 per cent methanol was tested which was mixed in such as to ensure its long-term stability. The data on fuel consumption, engine power, torque, exhaus emission (CO, CO 2, CH, NOX O2) and air-fuel ratio of motor vehicles working on pure gasoline (95 RON) am gasoline-methanol blend (M25) are presented. The results of measurements demonstrate much lower exhaus emission for engine s operating on blend M25.

5

Influence of composition of gasoline - ethanol blends on parameters of internal combustion engines

Pikonas A., Pukalskas S., Grabys J.

Journal of KONES

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2003

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Vol. 10, No. 1-2

205-211

EN

The purpose of this study is to investigate experimentally and compare the engine performance and pollutant emission of a SI engine using ethanol-gasoline blended fuel and pure gasoline. The results showed that, when ethanol is added, the heating value of the blended fuel decreases, while the octane number of the blended fuel increases. The results of the engine test indicated that when ethanol-gasoline blended fuel is used, the engine power and specific fuel consumption of the engine slightly increase; CO emission decreases dramatically as a result of the leaning effect caused by the ethanol addition; HC emission decreases in some engine working conditions; and C02 emission increases because of the improved combustion.

6

Research of operation of a diesel engine with supplementary ethanol feed

Pikūnas A., Grabys J., Pukalskas S., Pečeliūnas R.

Journal of KONES

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2002

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Vol. 9, No. 1-2

211-216

EN

Technical characteristics of the engine tested, schematic view of the equipment used in testing ethanol effect on diesel engine, dependence of heat energy consumption on torque of the engine and the amount of ethanol, dependence of heat energy consumption on torque of the engine and the amount of ethanol with n = 1950 r.p.m. and with n = 2200 r.p.m, the dependence of the optimal amount of ethanol on the engine speed n and torque of the engine are presented in the paper.