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PL
W artykule opisano aktualny obszar badań dotyczący kształtowania kultury. Wielu badaczy podkreśla, że kultura organizacyjna odgrywa bardzo ważną rolę we wspieraniu procesów innowacyjnych. Celem artykułu jest pokazanie metody modelowania zachowań społecznych w organizacjach przez odpowiednie kształtowanie proinnowacyjnej kultury organizacyjnej. Bazując zarówno na rozważaniach teoretycznych, jak i badaniach empirycznych omówiono, charakterystykę kultury organizacyjnej, która sprzyja i hamuje innowacyjność. Następnie scharakteryzowano opracowany szkic metody kształtowania kultury organizacyjnej sprzyjającej innowacyjności.
EN
This article describes the current area of research regarding the shaping of culture. Many researchers emphasize that organizational culture plays a very important role in supporting innovation. The aim of the article is to present a method of modeling social behavior in organizations by appropriately shaping a pro-innovative organizational culture. Based on both theoretical considerations and empirical studies, the characteristics of organizational culture that foster and inhibit innovation are discussed. An outline of the method for shaping an organizational culture conducive to innovation is elaborated.
PL
W referacie omówiono podstawowe tendencje rozwoju współczesnych metod zarządzania przedsiębiorstwem oraz wskazano na konieczność zarządzania szczupłego, elastycznego i innowacyjnego, skupionego na najważniejszych procesach przedsiębiorstwa. Wskazano na szczególną konieczność stosowania nowych koncepcji zarządzania w warunkach sytuacji kryzysowych, gdy o przetrwaniu i rozwoju na wymagającym i ciągle zmieniającym się globalnym rynku decyduje sprawne i skuteczne zarządzanie procesami i wprowadzanie przedsięwzięć innowacyjnych. W wyniku analizy danych GUS stwierdzono spadek innowacyjności polskich przedsiębiorstw w przemyśle w latach 2002 – 2008, co oznacza, że zmalała ilość przedsiębiorstw, które stosowały nowe metody zarządzania i podejmowały przedsięwzięcia innowacyjne. Równocześnie z danych tych wynika, że więcej przedsiębiorstw wprowadziło do produkcji nowy lub ulepszony proces, niż nowy lub istotnie modernizowany wyrób. Dane GUS pozwoliły równiez ujawnić istotne efekty przedsięwzięć innowacyjnych w polskich przedsiębiorstwach. Efekty te wiążą się z wprowadzaniem do produkcji i na rynek nowych wyrobów, a tym samym nie pozostają bez wpływu na rozwój przedsiębiorstwa, ich producenta.
EN
In the paper, basic tendencies in management methods development were discussed and lean strategies, focused on the most important processes in enterprise, were indicated as necessary. Also, an extreme necessity to employ new ideas of management in a crisis situation, when survival and development are determined by rapid and effective management and the introduction of new ideas, was indicated. Having analysed the data from the Central Statistical Office of Poland, the authors of the paper concluded that there had been a decrease in innovations in Polish enterprises between 2002 and 2008, which means that the number of enterprises employing new management ideas declined. Simultaneously, an analysis of the same data shows that more enterprises introduced into their production a new or improved process rather than a new or improved product. The data from the Central Statistical Office also allowed the authors to reveal significant effects of innovative projects in Polish enterprises. Those effects are related to the introduction of new products into production and on the market.
3
Content available Przesłanki powstania zarządzania kryzysowego
PL
Zagrożenia bezpieczeństwa towarzyszą ludzkości od zawsze i są powodowane wieloma różnorakimi przyczynami. Przyczyny te zmieniały się na przestrzeni dziejów, zmieniało się także podejście człowieka i społeczeństw do zagrożeń i przeciwdziałania nim. W miarę rozwoju cywilizacyjnego, społeczeństwa próbowały i próbują znaleźć skuteczne sposoby przeciwdziałania skutkom wspomnianych zagrożeń. Doświadczenia z prób przeciwdziałania zdarzeniom nadzwyczajnym skutkują powstaniem współczesnego zarządzania kryzysowego. W artykule przedstawiono wybrane przesłanki, które kształtowały oraz przyczyniły się do powstania i rozwoju zarządzania kryzysowego na płaszczyźnie pojedynczego człowieka, społeczeństwa w skali międzynarodowej.
EN
Threats to safety have always accompanied the humankind and they result from a number of different reasons. These have been changing over time. Along with the development of civilisation, societies attempted and still attempt to find effective ways of countering the effects of the mentioned threats. The experience gained from the attempts to counter extraordinary events results in the emergence of contemporary crisis management. The article presents selected reasons that have contributed to the emergence and development of crisis management on the plane of an individual and society, and on a world scale.
EN
The topics presented in this article are based upon an exact analysis of the concept of social exclusion as well as of the struggle against such exclusion. In the analysis of the problem the systems-based approach has been applied. This approach has permitted to see the phenomenon in a quite other light. During the realization of the work attention was paid to a lack of harmony in realizing activity for the struggle against social exclusion. The starting point is the explanation of key notions that are being defined in many different ways. Managing the municipality consists in creating resources, procedures and choices of selecting resources and procedures. Management means planning, organizing and controlling. Planning means management of the future. Organizing means management of the present. Controlling means management of the past. The style of management of the municipality involves the way of creating resources, procedures and criteria of selection, in managing the future, the present and the past. Different domains of management are discussed in the area of struggle against social exclusion: managing the man threatened with social exclusion, managing a group of men being threatened with social exclusion, managing the municipality, the integrated space in the domain of struggle against social exclusion, managing the closer and farther environment of the municipality. Finally, a diagram of the organization (Foundation: "Friend of the Municipality") that realizes activities in that domain is presented.
EN
The modern economy operates with huge volumes of information which are simply incommensurable to what they 5-7 years back were literally. It is caused by the increased streams of information for the last years. If still yesterday the bookkeeper of a firm to lead payment, had to arrive to the bank and physically bring in means for the settlement of account today it can be made, without leaving the computer, having taken advantage of the system Client - Bank
EN
The development of methods of consecutive analysis has led to study controlled casual processes and to apply the general theory of statistical decisions. This theory recognizes that results of consistently performed supervision form the basis of acceptance of determined decisions. In problems of estimation of parameters final decisions are numbers (the value of estimations); in problems of checking hypotheses - the accepted hypotheses. The purpose of the theory is to specify rules of decision-making, for reducing average risk or loss.
EN
The creation of an innovative policy in the enterprises of service last years is a new fashion. In the contribution, the following questions are defined: the organization, management of innovations and increase of the efficiency of work of the workers of enterprises providing service of production. Their role in the present conditions appreciably changes and is connected with the maintenance of optimum work of the enterprises of service, rendering qualitative competitive services with the purpose of achievement worthy results in the work
EN
The modern automated information systems are realized as local computer networks connected to federal and international networks of data transmission. Software products and tool means, analytical software packages for the realization of concrete techniques are offered for various domains of economic analysis of the different economic activities of enterprises.
EN
The labor potential of the collective of the enterprise is and should be of a constant size. However, its quantitative and qualitative characteristics constantly vary under the influence of not only objective factors, changes in material components of the manufacture, in relations of production, but also as a result of administrative and innovative decisions.
EN
The general criterion of expediency of the use of information resources, information technologies for the management of enterprises consists in increasing the efficiency of the basic manufacture, achievable by improving managerial processes. Reducing expenses for the information service is not a dominating phenomenon; however, it is necessary to take into account that these expenses are part of production costs. The lower are these expenses, the higher is the general efficiency at the same qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the information.
EN
The basic problem of the modern enterprises is low labor productivity that conducts to low production efficiency. One of the most important components of labor productivity is connected with and conditioned by the presence of a system of mechanization and automation of work of the personnel. The definition of optimal conditions of investment is a first step to increase the production efficiency of the enterprise.
EN
In connection with changes in economy, development of innovations, social and technological systems of managing the personnel of an enterprise of car service - the application of these systems allowing to optimize enterprise activities and achieve appreciable results - is become an important factor. Elaborated on the basis of contents and regression analysis, the conceptual model of management of the personnel potential of an enterprise of car service with regard to innovations what concerns the management of the personnel is presented in the form of a system of variables connected by functions, allowing to provide the analysis and develop certain recommendations concerning the administrative influence on the social part of production relations, for increasing the efficiency of the enterprise.
EN
Innovations in management of the personnel potential of an enterprise of car service, tuning, provide changes in the social environment of the organization and an increase of production efficiency. In the application of innovations in efficient management of the personnel potential of an enterprise of service, tuning of automobiles, the essential role is played by definition and application of effective decisions to successfully using each of the resources. In the contribution, a variant of an algorithm of forming innovations in the management of the personnel of an enterprise is presented (on the example of innovations at the enterprises of service, tuning of Open Joint-stock company "AUTOVAZ", city Togliatti, Russia). On the basis of results of the investigations tables containing main components according to the "varimax" procedure are developed. Ranging of loadings was carried out under columns of each factor. To basic, direct factors of the social environment of the enterprise of car service refer: personnel potential of the enterprise, social infrastructure, work conditions and safety, material remuneration, social protection of workers, social - psychological climate of the collective, after work hours and use of leisure.
EN
Parameters of an overall performance of the enterprise on the basis of statistical regularities under incomplete information on the investigated enterprise are estimated. Methods of estimation processes of the analysis of results are based on extrapolation of characteristics of a case process of occurrence of unprofitable conditions during formation of estimations, conclusions on effective functioning of the enterprise. Acceleration of the process of investigation of the efficiency of innovations can be achieved with the help of restriction of time of investigations before the occurrence of an unprofitable condition only of a certain part of the enterprise during introducing the given innovations; definitions of laws of change in time of direct or indirect attributes describing the quality of functioning of innovations are presented.
EN
Economic and innovative aspects of development of conceptual bases what concerns the optimization of efficient management and control activity of enterprises of service are of special value and importance. Variants of subsystems in a management control system of the personnel of an enterprise of service are considered on the basis of system-based "size of the initial sum of the capital of the enterprise - economic effectiveness of capital investments - lump sum capital investments for introduction of innovations - the interest rate of the bank credit - member of the rent - the period of the rent - term of the rent" at the research concerning efficiency of introduction of various groups of innovations.
EN
In the article the notion of Intranet has been defined as well as ways of its use have been described. A definition of organizational culture has been also presented, and an overview of scientific literature has been performed that distinguishes two opposite approaches to shaping organizational culture: culture cannot be shaped in a planned way, and it is possible to shape organizational culture. In this contribution the second approach has been accepted, and then factors that influence shaping organizational culture have been characterized. The typology of cultures of organizations has been described with regard to openness and closeness; open culture has been explained. Finally a proposition has been presented concerning the way of use of Intranet for shaping an open organizational culture of the enterprise.
EN
The concepts of business models of contemporary organizations are discussed. The necessity is enhanced of their transformations, of acquiring the capacity of an efficient and elastic functioning in the dynamic environment. It has been stated that a real transformation of an organization is not possible without understanding the need for radical changes also in the approach to computer information application, particularly what concerns the introduction of computer information assisted processes. Facing this new real challenge requires a reconstruction of enterprises. Purposes of such reconstruction should be: subordinating internal activities to principles of computer information technologies, understanding new models of actions and assuring a profound honesty towards the customers. The new principles should become an integral part of the model of organizational structure of the enterprise. In the article the most important goals are characterized that will be implemented by organizations of the future, first of all by: learning, virtual and network, biological, fractal, holonic, holographic and hypertext organizations.
EN
In the paper the main trends and directions of the development of enterprises in the areas of their strategy, structure and functioning have been presented. Changes have been referred generally to the basic directions of their historical development. Particularly, the importance of information and computer science technologies as well as computer networks in the process of shaping the behavior of contemporary enterprises has been taking into account. The fundamental determinants of their construction and functioning have been indicated, as well as the conceptions of transformations of the enterprises.
EN
The paper presents an empirical verification of the method for forecasting non-stationary processes. The forecast and the estimation of its error are obtained as a result of solving two forecast parameter estimation problems. The verification is presented by means of such a real process as the power system load. The analysis of predicting the quality changes, depending on the changes in values of its determinants, is carried out. The analysis proves that the prediction method being verified yields good results - the forecasts computed based on it are reliable, because their errors do not exceed 3%.
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