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2 2021

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Wound surface area measurement methods

Foltynski Piotr, Ciechanowska Anna, Ladyzynski Piotr

Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering

2021

Vol. 41, no. 4

1454--1465

Assessment of progress in chronic wound healing is very important as it enables deciding when the applied therapy should be replaced with a more advanced one. Wound healing societies recommend using the rate in wound surface area reduction as a marker of the therapy effectiveness. If the wound surface area did not reduce by 50% or more in 4 weeks of standard treatment, advanced therapy options should be introduced. The decrease of wound surface area by 10–15% in a week may also be useful in estimating the probability of wound closure. There is a range of methods for wound surface area measurements that differ in the technology used, accuracy, repeatability, and level of required contact with the patient’s skin or wound itself. Technical advancement of these methods is very wide, from area estimation based on linear measurements to 3D techniques able to analyze skin curvature using sophisticated models. Some methods are based on specialized equipment, thus may be less useful in telemedicine than, for instance, those based on a smartphone with dedicated software. This review presents the current state-of-the-art methods in wound area measurements, presenting selected commercial devices and the latest developments.

Effect of glucose concentration and culture substrate on HUVECs viability in in vitro cultures: A literature review and own results

Ciechanowska Anna, Gora Ilona, Sabalinska Stanislawa, Foltynski Piotr, Ladyzynski Piotr

Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering

2021

Vol. 41, no. 4

1390--1405

Some clinical studies reported that glucose variability increased the risk of developing diabetes-related late complications more than constant hyperglycemia, while others claimed that the evidence was not strong enough to support such a conclusion. A few in vitro studies investigated the effect of constantly high or variable glucose levels (VGLs) on endothelial cells (EC). The first aim of this work was to review these studies and demonstrate that most of them support the notion that viability and other metabolic parameters of EC deteriorate faster in cell cultures with VGLs than in cultures with stable normal or high glucose concentration. The second aim was to verify whether the effect of glucose concentration is the same regardless of other culture conditions such as the substrate on which the cells are grown. We cultured Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVECs) for 7 or 14 days in constant (5 mM or 20 mM) or variable (switching between 5 mM and 20 mM once a day) glucose concentration in culture plates, which were either not-covered with any additional substrate or were covered with fibronectin or gelatin. We assessed the cell viability using a propidium iodide test. The ANOVA revealed that HUVECs viability was affected not only by glucose concentration and duration of the cell culturing but also by the type of substrate and interactions of these three factors. In conclusion, the effect of glucose level on EC viability should not be analyzed in isolation from other culture conditions that may amplify or attenuate this effect.