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1

Effects of Pressure on the Rate of Tin Evaporation From Liquid Iron

Lipart J., Łabaj J., Słowikowski M., Jama D.

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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2014

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Vol. 59, iss. 2

825--828

EN

In the paper, tin elimination from liquid iron alloy via low-pressure evaporation has been analysed. The experiments were performed using a single-chamber VIM 20-50 vacuum induction furnace at 1923 K and the operating pressure of 0.05 to 557 Pa.

PL

W prezentowanej pracy dokonano analizy procesu eliminacji cyny z ciekłego stopu żelaza na drodze odparowania w warunkach obniżonego ciśnienia. Eksperymenty realizowano w jednokomorowym indukcyjnym piecu próżniowym V1M 20-50 w temperaturze 1923 K i zakresie ciśnień roboczych od 0.05 do 557 Pa.

2

Efektywność wybranych odczynników pianotwórczych w odzysku srebra z surowców odpadowych metodą flotacji

Oleksiak B., Lipart J.

Rudy i Metale Nieżelazne

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2011

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R. 56, nr 3

160-163

PL

W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań odzysku srebra z odpadów powstających przy produkcji wyrobów jubilerskich. W badaniach wykorzystano dwa różne odczynniki pianotwórcze umożliwiające tworzenie się trwałej i obfitej piany, zbieracz (kwas oleinowy) oraz siarczan(VI) miedzi(II) jako regulator pH. Badania prowadzono za pomocą laboratoryjnego urządzenia flotacyjnego.

EN

The results of tests aimed at silver recovery from scrap arising during jewellery manufacture have been presented. The tests were made using two different frothers enabling formation of a durable heavy foam, oleic acid as a collector, and copper(II) sulphate(VI) as pH regulator. The laboratory flotation machine was used to carry out the tests.

3

Influence of copper content in steel on the rate of copper removal by evaporation

Łabaj J., Lipart J.

Archives of Materials Science and Engineering

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2011

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Vol. 52, nr 1

13-17

EN

Purpose: The paper provides an analysis of the results of studies upon the rate of copper evaporation from liquid Fe-Cu alloys. Based on the results obtained for the change in the copper concentration in liquid bath, the value of the overall copper mass transfer coefficient was estimated. Due to the fact that the alloy composition may affect all the constituent stages of the evaporation process, the analysis undertaken concerned both the mass penetration process occurring in the liquid phase and the evaporation reaction taking place on the interface. Design/methodology/approach: The studies of the copper evaporation from liquid steel were conducted using an induction furnace. Based on the results obtained for the change in the copper concentration in liquid bath, the value of the overall copper mass transfer coefficient was estimated. The studies were conducted under the pressures of 0.06 Pa and 101 Pa at the temperature of 1998 K. The copper content in the alloys examined varied from 0.198 to 1.518% by weight. Findings: The overall mass transfer coefficients established based on the study results assumed values within the range from 4.2 10⁻⁵ to 4.8 10⁻⁵ ms⁻¹ for the tests conducted under the pressure of 0.06 Pa and from 8.3 10⁻⁶ to 1.0 10⁻⁵ ms⁻¹. for those conducted under the pressure of 101 Pa. Practical implications: The main point of the EAF process is a transfer of the scrap components to the steel being melted. Some metals introduced into the bath together with the scrap may exert a negative impact on its properties. An example of such a contaminant may be copper. This metal is characterised by limited solubility in iron and it is released on grain boundaries at temperatures of hot processing. Originality/value: The studies conducted proved that, for the pressure of 0.06 Pa, the overall mass transfer coefficient value on the copper content in the alloy increased from 0.198 to 1.518 % by weight grows by ca. 15 %. This growth is caused by numerous factors including the increase in the value of the copper activity coefficient in liquid iron.

4

Influence of iron on the surface tension of copper

Oleksiak B., Siwiec G., Blacha A., Lipart J.

Archives of Materials Science and Engineering

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2010

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Vol. 44, nr 1

39-42

EN

Purpose: In the paper, the results of surface tension measurements at 1473 K and 1673 K with the use of sessile drop method, concerning liquid copper-iron alloys with 0.01 to 0.05 Fe molar fractions, are presented. The aim of the study was to determine the effects of iron and temperature on the surface tension of copper. Design/methodology/approach: The experiments were conducted with the use of sessile drop method at 1473 K and 1673 K, in an argon atmosphere. For the investigations, a measuring apparatus PR-37/1600, produced by the Industrial Electronics Institute in Warsaw, was used. It consisted of a high-temperature pipe furnace, allowing the observation of a sample placed inside a horizontal reaction chamber (called a high-temperature microscope), and a camera, both coupled with a computer equipped with a program for the device work parameter control as well as for recording and analyzing pictures. The program was used for measurements of appropriate geometric parameters of liquid alloy drops which were necessary for surface tension evaluation. In order to determine the surface tension, a computational procedure, based on the least square estimation of the parameters of the differential equation system, was used, describing the shape of a sessile drop of liquid using coordinates of points placed along a curve that forms the outer contour of the drop cross-section. Findings: The experiments showed that a higher Fe content in Cu-Fe alloys led to the increase in surface tension. A temperature rise of the investigated alloys, similarly for pure metals as well as a great majority of binary and multicomponent systems, is accompanied by the decrease in surface tension. Practical implications: Surface tension has a significant impact on obtaining, refining and casting of metals and alloys. Thus, the knowledge of this parameter may be useful for both a description of phenomena that occur during these processes and their improvement. Originality/value: The presented results may be the first literature data regarding surface tension of Cu-Fe alloys with 0.01 to 0.05 Fe molar fractions.