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1
Content available Indices for assessing potential environmental hazard from future ship scrapping process, determinable in ship design stage
Liberacki R.
Polish Maritime Research
|
2018
|
S 1
243--247
EN
This paper shortly presents the issue of utilization of ships after their withdrawal from service. Information on number of floating units liquidated in previous years was presented. Hazards to the environment , health and life of workers employed in the Far East ship scrapping yards operating on the beaches, were indicated. Then, the most important rules which have to make the ship recycling process safe were referred to. This author proposed to supplement the rules by environmental hazard indices which would be determined already in ship design stage. According to the concept the indices should take into account amount of dangerous substances used for building the ship as well as degree of their harmfulness (weighing factors). Two approaches to the issue of determining the weighing factors were proposed: deterministic and fuzzy.
2
Content available Ekologiczne skutki zastąpienia zespołu prądotwórczego baterią akumulatorów
Liberacki R.
Journal of Polish CIMEEAC
|
2018
|
Vol. 13, no 1
73--77
PL
W artykule przedstawiono rozważania dotyczące modyfikacji klasycznej siłowni okrętowej, polegającej na zastąpieniu jednego z zespołów prądotwórczych baterią akumulatorów. Miałoby to ograniczyć zużycie kosztownego paliwa odsiarczonego w obszarach chronionych. Podczas żeglugi poza obszarem chronionym bateria akumulatorów ładowana by była przez zespół prądotwórczy zasilany paliwem ciężkim, podczas postoju w porcie z wykorzystaniem odnawialnych źródeł energii. Zasadniczą część artykułu stanowi oszacowanie emisji związków szkodliwych w spalinach dla różnych opcji ładowania i korzystania z baterii akumulatorów.
3
Content available Hybrid energy system for a classic ship power plant
Liberacki R.
Journal of Polish CIMEEAC
|
2017
|
Vol. 12, no 1
59--64
EN
The article presents a brief overview of hybrid energy systems used on ships. The area of their application is outlined. The benefits of using such systems are also indicated. Then, the classic ship power plant is defined. The most important part of the article is a proposal how to modify a classic engine room by using a hybrid energy system. The idea is: to accumulate a part of electricity in areas where it is allowed to burn fuel with high sulfur content (cheaper). Then, use the accumulated energy in areas where it is allowed to burn only fuel with low sulfur content (more expensive). The implementation of such an idea requires the use of a battery pack on the ship. At the end of the article, the initial estimation of savings on fuel costs is made.
4
Content available Problems of experimental determination of coefficients of the wear of ship piping systems
Liberacki R.
Journal of Polish CIMEEAC
|
2016
|
Vol. 11, no 1
111--116
EN
The article presents series of considerations relating to experimental evaluation of the reliability of ship piping systems. The aim of this study is to attempt to answer the following questions: What should be the tested element? How to choose the diameter of the tested item? What should be the result of measurements and calculations? How to measure? How to choose the duration of the test? How to choose the sample size and elaborate the results? Can we use a linear relationship between the weight loss of the test piece and the time? At the end of the article, the initial conception of the laboratory stand is proposed.
5
Content available Approach to evaluation of time to the critical degradation of ship pipelines
Liberacki R.
Journal of Polish CIMEEAC
|
2015
|
Vol. 10, no 1
85--89
EN
In the article an approach to the problem of estimating time to the critical degradation of ship pipelines is considered. Such an assessment would consist of six stages. The fundamental idea is to include to the estimation of time to failure of pipelines such elements like: materials that the pipelines are made, destructive physical phenomena taking place in them and applied means of protection. The result of that evaluation should be mean time to critical degradation of pipeline. The mean time should be given with the measure of the spread like the standard deviation. Another possibility is to express the time to failure in the form of a fuzzy number. This would indicate uncertainty of the estimation.
6
Content available The possibilities of estimating the reliability of ship pipelines’ elements including destructive phenomena acting on them
Liberacki R.
Journal of Polish CIMAC
|
2014
|
Vol. 9, no 2
145--150
EN
In the article an approach to the problem of estimating reliability data based on physical models is proposed. The possibility of reliability assessment for selected elements of ship pipelines, based on the recognition of the destructive physical phenomena taking place in them, is discussed. To do this, an overview of these phenomena has been made. In addition, a preliminary review of existing measures of destruction of materials has been made to check their suitability for possible use them to solve a given problem. The article is an introduction to further, more detailed considerations.
7
Content available Risk criteria for sea-going ships arising from the operation of the main engines'crankshaft - connecting rod - piston systems
Liberacki R.
Journal of Polish CIMAC
|
2012
|
Vol. 7, no 2
115-121
EN
In the article the risk criterion for sea-going ships arising from the operation of the main engines’ crankshaft – connecting rod – piston systems is proposed. This criterion is based on the procedures recommended in the Formal Safety Assessment method developed under the auspices of International Maritime Organization (IMO). First of all the collective risk criterion for ship has been proposed. In the next step, the share of the main engines’ crankshaft – connecting rod – piston systems, as the causes of marine accidents has been estimated. Then the risk criteria for ships arising from operation of those systems have been created. Additionally the reliability requirements for main engine components have been established.
8
Content available Effect of adotped rules of inference and methods of defuzzification on the final result of evaluation of reliability made using the fuzzy logic methods
Liberacki R.
Journal of Polish CIMAC
|
2011
|
Vol. 6, no 2
157-162
EN
The object of interest is to solve the problem of risk management of marine systems. But the main trouble is a lack of numerous and sure data on the reliability of the components of such systems. The methods based on the fuzzy logic seem to be helpful here. The goal of the article is to check the effect of using different fuzzy inference rules and methods of defuzzification on the final result of reliability assessment. The three rules of inference are taken into account: the Mamdani rule, the Larsen rule and the Tsukamoto rule. The second problem is the method of defuzzification of the result given in the form of fuzzy number into the real number. The several methods of defuzzification are discussed. The examples of using the above inference rules and defuzzification methods are presented.
9
Content available Selected aspects of determining the reliability of the pump subsystems with redundancy, used in main engine auxiliary systems
Liberacki R.
Journal of Polish CIMAC
|
2010
|
Vol. 5, no 2
108-113
EN
The rules of classification societies require the use of redundancy in the systems essential for the safety of the ship. Duplication of pumps in the main engine auxiliary systems like cooling water system, lubricating oil system, fuel oil system is a good example here. Therefore, in the author’s opinion, some attention should be paid to this issue. Two important questions arise here. Does duplication of pumps in marine systems make sense? What impact does the use of redundancy on the reliability of the system? To answer these questions, it is necessary to adequately assess the reliability of subsystems with redundancy. But it is not so simple. The first problem is gathering the reliability data. The second problem is the so-called human factor. The third problem, widely discussed in this article, is to adopt the appropriate reliability model.
10
Content available Drawing Conclusions About Reliability Of Power Systems From Small Number Of Statistical Data
Liberacki R.
Journal of Polish CIMAC
|
2009
|
Vol. 4, no 2
191-197
EN
Gathering reliability data is quite difficult. Potential sources of such data are: reliability guides and handbooks, data collecting during operation of technical devices, expert judgments. Practice shows that very often the statistical sample we have to our disposal is small and non – homogenous. The goal of the author was to verify, if it is possible to draw out useful in practice conclusions about reliability of technical items from small statistical sample and how to do it. In the article two potential ways to deal with the problem of small reliability data sample have been presented. First way is based on using mathematical statistics methods, the second way uses the fuzzy sets theorem methods.
11
Content available The Conception Of Uncertainty Analysis Of Reliability Assessment Of The Mc Type Diesel Engine Lubricating Oil System
Liberacki R.
Journal of Polish CIMAC
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2008
|
Vol. 3, no 2
9-13
EN
In the article elements consisting on uncertainty of reliability assessment of the MC type diesel engine lubricating oil system have been discussed. The conception of uncertainty analysis of the system reliability assessment, on computational example, has been introduced. Moreover, the interpretation of the received result - burdened with large uncertainty, has been proposed.
12
Content available Influence Of Redundancy And Ship Machinery Crew Manning On Reliability Of Lubricating Oil System For The Mc-Type Diesel Engine
Liberacki R.
Journal of Polish CIMAC
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2007
|
Vol. 2, no 2
327-334
EN
Influence of redundancy and ship machinery crew manning on reliability of typical lubricating oil system for the MC – type diesel engine has been considered. The results of reliability calculations for the system with redundancy and without redundancy have been presented. Moreover, three training levels of crew have been taken account in those calculations: high, average and low.
13
Content available remote Environmental risk measure of ships.
Liberacki R.
Zagadnienia Eksploatacji Maszyn
|
2006
|
Vol. 41, nr 3
171-178
EN
In the article selected polluting emissions and discharges from ships are listed. The Norwegian idea of environmental indexing of ships is shortly discussed. The probabilistic model of environmental risk of ships is proposed. This is a linear strategy model. The risk measure associates probabilities of causing hazards to environment and their consequences into a single numerical value. The probabilities may be determined from unit models. They are the Cause-Consequence type models using the Fault Trees and Event Trees. Noxious substances released to the environment during ship operation are of different forms of harmful influence on the environment. Due to complexity of the problem, to use weight factors for determining the consequences of released pollutions is in the author's opinion most suitable. The model for ships is still created by the author. The model for ship power plants has been finished. As an example of the investigations the influence of the reliability level of technical elements and crew qualification levels on the yearly environmental risk of ship power plant is presented.
PL
W artykule wyszczególniono wybrane zanieczyszczenia uwalniane ze statków. Przedyskutowano krótko norweską propozycję indeksacji środowiskowej statków. Zaproponowano probabilistyczny model do oceny ryzyka stwarzanego przez statki względem środowiska morskiego. Model ten ma charakter strategii liniowej. Miara ryzyka łączy w sobie prawdopodobieństwa zaistnienia zdarzeń niebezpiecznych dla środowiska i konsekwencje tych zdarzeń w jedną wartość liczbową. Prawdopodobieństwa wyznaczane są w oparciu o modele jednostkowe, które są modelami przyczynowo-skutkowymi i mają postać drzew zdarzeń i drzew niezdatności. Szkodliwe substancje uwalniane ze statków mają różną postać i różny wpływ na środowisko naturalne. Z tego powodu problem jest bardzo złożony. W ocenie autora użycie współczynników wagowych, odzwierciedlających szkodliwość poszczególnych substancji dla środowiska, wydaje się być w tej sytuacji narozsądniejszym rozwiązaniem. Model dla statków jest wciąż opracowywany. Model dla siłowni okrętowej został już opracowany. Załączono uzyskane w oparciu o ten model wyniki badań wpływu poziomu niezawodności stosownych elementów technicznych i poziomu wyszkolenia załogi na roczne ryzyko środowiskowe, stawarzane przez rozpatrywaną siłownię okrętową.
14
Content available A probabilistic model of environmental safety of ship power plant
Liberacki R.
Polish Maritime Research
|
2004
|
S 1
62-66
EN
In the paper a probabilistic model of environmental risk of ship power plant is presented. This is a linear strategy model with an additional restraint. It can be usedfor assessing risk to marine environment, which results from ship power plant operation. The risk is a sum of component probabilities of exceedance of the limits assigned - by MARPOL convention to particular kinds of pollution discharged from ships, multiplied by weight factors. The factors determine a degree of harmfulness of a discharge for the environment. The restraint concerns the case of exceedance of the limits assumed unacceptable by the convention. A risk value is be contained within (0,1) interval. Moreover a criterion for environmental safety of ship power plant was propsed. This is the criterion of the ALARP class, in which an intolerable risk level and acceptable one is distinguished. Suggestions concerning determination of the levels are submitted. The considerations are illustrated by results of example computer investigations of influence of reliability oftechnical elements of the systems responsible for environmental safety of a hypothetical ship power plant on environmental risk value. Three qualification levels of ship:s. crew were accounted for: high, average and low.
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