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1

Badania struktury skorupy ziemskiej na obszarze Europy Centralnej, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem Transeuropejskiej Strefy Szwu, metodami głębokich profilowań sejsmicznych

Guterch A.

Wiadomości Naftowe i Gazownicze

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2012

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R. 15, Nr 9 (173)

4--9

EN

The complex tectonic history of Central Europe (Fig. 1a) reflects the break-up of a Neoproterozoic supercontinet(s) (Rodinia/Pannotia) to form the fragment Baltica and the subsequent growth of continental Europe beginning with the Caledonian orogeny. Caledonian and younger Variscan orogenesis involved accretion of Laurentian and Gondwanan terranes to the riftet margin of Baltica. (East European craton, EEC) during the Paleozoic. From Central Poland northward, the region also experienced volcanic activity during the Permian and tectonic inversion during the Alpine orogeny, which in the south continues today. The Trans-European Suture Zone (TESZ) is a term used to refer to the suite of sutures and terranes that formed adjacent to the rifted margin of Baltica, and these features extend from the British Isles to the Black Sea region (Fig. 1a and 2). Understanding the structure and evolution of the TESZ region is one of the key tectonic challenges in Europe north of the Alps. The TESZ is far more complex than a single suture but in a broad sense is the boundary between the accreted terranes and Baltica. The TESZ includes the Teisseyre-Tornquist Zone (TTZ), which has several definitions. Here, we will use the term TTZ to refer to a structural zone associated with the southwestern edge of the EEC. Beginning in 1997, Central Europe, between the Baltic and Adriatic Seas, has been covered by an unprecedented network of seismic refraction experiments (Fig. 1b). These experiments - POLONAISE’97, CELEBRATION 2000, ALP 2002, and SUDETES 2003 - have only be possible due to a massive international cooperative effort. International Consortium consisted of 35 institutions from 16 countries in Europe and North America - Austria, Belarus, Canada, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, Germany, Hungary, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Turkey and the United States. The majority of the recording instruments was provided by the IRIS/ PASCAL Instrument Center and the University of Texas at El Paso (USA), the Geological Survey of Canada and other countries. For example, in the CELEBRATION experiment, the total number was 1230 stations ands 147 shot points located along seismic lines of a total length of about 9000 km. A large number of seismic sources and stations in all experiments means that besides 2 - D approach along profiles (Fig. 3 and 4), also 3 - D approach (Fig. 5 and 6) could be implemented in data interpretation. Total length of seismic profiles in all experiments is about 20 000 km (Fig. 1b).

2

Monitoring zagrożenia sejsmicznego obszaru Polski

Trojanowski J., Plesiewicz B., Guterch A., Grad M.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2009

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Vol. 57, nr 2

133-137

3

Seismic structure of the lithosphere between the East European Craton and the Carpathians from the net of CELEBRATION 2000 profiles in SE Poland

Janik T., Grad M., Guterch A.

Geological Quarterly

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2009

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Vol. 53, No 1

141-158

EN

During the CELEBRATION 2000 experiment, the area of SE Poland was investigated by relatively dense system of deep seismic sounding profiles. Apart from five main profiles CEL01–CEL05, eight additional profiles were executed between the edge of the East European Craton and the Carphatians: CEL06, CEL11, CEL12, CEL13, CEL14, CEL21, CEL22 and CEL23. In this paper, we present results of modelling of refracted and reflected waves with use of a 2D ray tracing technique. All 13 profiles were jointly inter reted with verification of models at crossing points, and a quasi 3D model of the crust and upper mantle was developed. The obtained P-wave velocity models of the crust and uppermost mantle are very complex and show a differentiation of the seismic structure for tectonic units in SE Poland. The depth of the Moho discontinuity in the investigated area changes from about 30 to about 52 km. As a summary of all seismic models, the Moho depth map for SE Poland is presented, as well as a map of the extent of the most characteristic crustal elements in the area: a high velocity body in the upper crust, division into two- and three-layer consolidated crust, ranges of very deep layers with low velocities in the upper and middle crust, aproximate ranges of detected velocity anisotropy in the upper/middle crust, ranges of the high-velocity lower crust and high-velocity uppermost mantle. Both maps are com pared with the main struc tural el e ments from tec tonic map. This could form the base for a new geotectonic in ter pre ta tion of this com plex area.

4

O możliwości występowania złóż gazu ziemnego głęboko pod Karpatami (artykuł dyskusyjny)

Jankowski J., Guterch A., Jóźwiak W., Karnkowski P.

Nafta-Gaz

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2008

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R. 64, nr 4

227-230

PL

Wykonane w ostatnich latach głębokie sondowania sejsmiczne potwierdziły, że pod Karpatami istnieje głęboki, o miąższości rzędu 20 km, basen osadowy. Takie stwierdzenie oparte na interpretacji sondowań geomagnetycznych opublikowane zostało już 25 lat temu. Co więcej, wykazano, że w dolnej części basenu istnieje kompleks skał dobrze przewodzących. Ostatnie interpretacje potwierdzają, naszym zdaniem, że za dobre przewodnictwo odpowiedzialne są mineralizowane wody, co uzasadnia przypuszczenie o występowaniu tam skał porowatych. Jak wiadomo, lokalnie w takich porowatych skałach mogą występować złoża gazu ziemnego. W ostatnim dwudziestoleciu w wielu rejonach świata, w szczególności w Stanach Zjednoczonych, z głębokich odwiertów eksploatuje się przemysłowo gaz, a prognozy mówią, że od lat pięćdziesiątych naszego wieku będzie on podstawowym źródłem energii. Warto więc zwrócić uwagę na dalsze poszukiwania gazu ziemnego w Karpatach, gdzie jego obecność wydaje się bardzo prawdopodobna.

EN

The deep seismic sounding performed in recent years corroborated the presence of about 20-km thick sedimentary basin underneath the Carpathians. Its existence was already postulated 25 years ago on the basis of interpretation of geomagnetic sounding. What is more, in the lower part of the basin there is a complex of well-conducting rocks. The recent interpretations confirm, in our opinion, that the good conductivity is due to mineralized waters, which suggests that the rocks are porous. Locally, such porous rocks may contain natural gas deposits. In the last twenty years, natural gas has been industrially exploited from deep boreholes in many areas of the world, notably in the United States. The forecasts are that since the 2050s this will be the main energy source. It is therefore worthwhile to draw the attention to further search for natural gas in the Carpathians, where its presence seems very likely.

5

Interpretacja zasięgu eksternidów waryscyjskich na eksperymentalnym profilu sejsmicznym GRUNDY 2003

Śliwiński Z., Antonowicz J., Iwanowska E., Malinowski M., Grad M., Guterch A., Keller G.R., Takács E.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2006

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Vol. 54, nr 1

45-50

EN

The question of the eastern extent of the Variscan externides in the Polish Lowlands is a subject of ongoing scientific debate. The key to resolve this problem is to provide a good seismic image of the pre-Permian strata. Unfortunately, the industrial seismic profiling brings sparse information from below the Zechstein, thus in 2003, a special seismic experiment called GRUNDY 2003 has been organised. The acquisition system was based on the deep seismic sounding equipment and was targeted at the recognition of Palaeozoic strata. The results in form of the 3D tomographic velocity field and the migrated depth section form the basis for the geological interpretation. Deduced geological model suggests the existence of two different geological media below the Permian strata. The likely interpretation is that it is the contact zone of the Variscan externides with their foreland. Obtained results are of a great importance for the hydrocarbons exploration perspectives.

6

Sejsmiczne modele struktury skorupy ziemskiej strefy szwu transeuropejskiego (TESZ) w północno-zachodniej i centralnej Polsce

Grad M., Guterch A.

Prace Państwowego Instytutu Geologicznego

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2006

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T. 188

41--52

PL

Głębokie sondowania sejsmiczne (GSS) refrakcyjne i szerokokątowe refleksyjne wykonane w północno-zachodniej Polsce wskazują na ogromne różnice w budowie skorupy ziemskiej i dolnej litosfery strefy przejścia między kratonem wschodnioeuropejskim i platformą paleozoiczną. Gęsta sieć nowoczesnych profili sejsmicznych: LT-7 i TTZ, pięciu profili P1–P5 z eksperymentu POLONAISE’97 oraz zreinterpretowanych „starych” profili LT-2, LT-4 i LT-5 pozwala określić podstawowe elementy struktury strefy szwu transeuropejskiego (TESZ). Gruba (42–45 km) skorupa kratonu wschodnioeuropejskiego o wyraźnej trójwarstwowej skorupie krystalicznej przechodzi w cienką (30–35 km), dwuwarstwową skorupę waryscyjską, charakteryzującą się brakiem najniższej warstwy o dużych prędkościach fal P (Vp ~7,1 km/s). W strefie TESZ obserwuje się wyraźne wycienienie skorupy skonsolidowanej, a skały o stosunkowo małych prędkościach fal P (Vp 8,3 km/s), podczas gdy prędkość fal P pod granicą Moho kratonu wschodnioeuropejskiego osiąga „normalne“ wartości (Vp ~8,1 km/s). Trudno jednoznacznie określić położenie brzegu kratonu wschodnioeuropejskiego w północno-zachodniej Polsce, a szerokość strefy przejściowej między platformami wynosi ok. 200 km.

7

Lithospheric structure of the western part of the East European Craton investigated by deep seismic profiles

Grad M., Janik T., Guterch A., Środa P., Czuba W.

Geological Quarterly

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2006

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Vol. 50, No. 1

9-22

EN

The Palaeoproterozoic collision of Archaean Fennoscandia, Volgo-Uralia and Sarmatia, viewed as a large composite of terranes, each with an independent history during Archaean and Early Proterozoic time, formed the East European Craton. This paper summarizes the results of deep seismic sounding investigations of the lithospheric structure of the southwestern part of the East European Craton. On the basis of the modern EUROBRIDGE’94–97, POLONAISE’97 and CELEBRATION 2000 projects, as well as of data from the Coast Profile and from reinterpreted profiles VIII and XXIV, the main tectonic units of Fennoscandia and Sarmatia are characterized. The crustal thickness in the whole area investigated is relatively uniform, being between 40 and 50 km (maximum about 55 km). For Fennoscandia, the crystalline crust of the craton can be generally divided into three parts, while in Sarmatia the transition between the middle and lower crust is smooth. For both areas, relatively high P-wave velocities ( 7.0 km/s) were observed in the lower crust. Relatively high seismic velocities of the sub-Moho mantle (~8.2–8.3 km/s) were observed along most of the profiles. The uppermost mantle reflectors often occur ca. 10 to 15 km below the Moho. Finally, we show the variability in physical properties for the major geological domains of Fennoscandia and Sarmatia, which were crossed by the network of our profiles.

8

Lithospheric structure of the TESZ in Poland based on modern seismic experiments

Guterch A., Grad M.

Geological Quarterly

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2006

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Vol. 50, No. 1

23-32

EN

This paper presents the results of seismic investigations on the structure of the lithosphere in the area of the Trans-European Suture Zone (TESZ) in Poland that is located between the southwestern margin of the East European Craton (EEC) to the north-east, the West and Central European Palaeozoic Platform (PP) to the south-west and the Carpathians to the south. Based on results of the modern POLONAISE’97 and CELEBRATION 2000 projects, as well as older profiles, models are presented for the configuration and extent of different crustal types. In the investigated area, the EEC has a relatively uniform crustal thickness of 40 to 50 km with its three-layered crystalline crust displaying P-wave velocities of 6.1–6.4, 6.5–6.8 and 6.9–7.2 km/s in the upper, middle and lower parts, respectively. The Variscan consolidated crust is covered by 1–2 km thick sediments and consists of two layers with velocities of 5.6–6.3 and 6.5–6.65 km/s. In the Carpathians, sediments reaching to depths of some 20 km and are characterized by velocities of <5.6–5.8 km/s, whilst the underlying two-layered crystalline crust displays velocities of 6.0–6.2 and 6.5–6.9 km/s. The crust of the TESZ can be divided into the Małopolska, Kuiavia and Pomerania blocks that are overlain by up to 9–12 km thick sediments having velocities <5.4 km/s. In the area of the TESZ, the upper part of the consolidated crust has to depths of 15–20 kmrelatively low velocities of <6.0 km/s and is commonly regarded as consisting of deformed and slightlymetamorphosed Early Palaeozoic sedimentary and volcanic series. In this area the middle and lower crust are characterized by velocities in the range of 6.3–6.6 km/s and 6.8–7.2 km/s, respectively, that are comparable to the EEC. Based on the dense network of seismic profiles the map of the depth toMoho is given for the area of Poland. Uppermost mantle reflectors occur about 10 to 15 km below the Moho whereas the deepest reflectors are recorded at depths of 90 km. Future investigations ought to aim at an integrated geological-geophysical program, including deep near-verical reflection-seismic profiling and ultimately the drilling of deep calibration boreholes.

9

4. Międzynarodowy Rok Polarny 2007-2008 : główne przesłania, cele i zadania

Guterch A.

Przegląd Geofizyczny

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2005

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Z. 3-4

163-175

10

Crustal structure of the Trans-European Suture Zone in Central Poland - reinterpretation of the LT-2, LT-4 and LT-5 deep seismic sounding profiles

Grad M., Guterch A., Polkowska-Purys A.

Geological Quarterly

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2005

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Vol. 49, No. 3

243--252

EN

The paper gives a reinterpretation of data from three deep seismic sounding profiles-LT-2, LT-4 and LT-5 - acquired in 1974-1979 between the Precambrian East European Craton (EEC) and the Palaeozoic Platform (PP) in Central Poland. Good quality seismic records in the distance interval from 50-90 to 200-280 km were the input data for the modelling of the crustal and uppermost mantle structure. Clear first arrivals and later phases of waves reflected/refracted from the crustal and the Moho boundaries were interpreted using a two-dimensional (2-D) ray tracing technique. In general, the crustal thickness along the three profiles varies from 30-35 km in the Palaeozoic platform area, to 42-44 km in the Polish part of the EEC, being 35-40 km in the transition zone between the PP and the EEC. In the transition area, the P-wave velocity is very low (Vp < 6.0 km/s) down to depths of 15-18 km, indicating that a very thick succession of sedimentary, metamorphosed or volcanic origin rocks is present there. All three 2-D models of the crust are discussed together with results obtained 20-30 years ago, particularly taking into account the difference in interpretation methods and new computation possibilities. Jointly with recent seismic studies along the profiles LT-7 and TTZ, as well as the POLONAISE'97 profiles P1-P4, the reinterpreted old profiles provide a collection of crustal models of the TESZ in Poland.

11

Huge contrasts of the lithospheric structure revealed by new generation seismic experiments in Central Europe

Guterch A., Grad M., Keller R. G.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2004

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Vol. 52, nr 8/2

753-760

EN

Beginning in 1997, Central Europe, between the Baltic and Adriatic Seas, has been covered by an unprecedented network of seismic refraction experiments (Fig.1A). These experiments — POLONAISE’97, CELEBRATION 2000, ALP 2002, and SUDETES 2003—have only been possible due to a massive international cooperative effort. International Consortium consisted of more than 30 institutions from 16 countries in Europe and North America—Austria, Belarus, Canada, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, Germany, Hungary, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Turkey, and the United States. The majority of the recording instruments was provided by the IRIS /PASCAL Instrument Center and the University of Texas at El Paso (USA), the Geological Survey of Canada, and other countries. For example, in the CELEBRATION experiment, the total number was 1230 stations and 147 shot points located along seismic lines of a total length of about 9000 km. A large number of seismic sources and stations in all experiments means that besides 2-D approach along profiles, also 3-D approach could be implemented in data interpretation. Total length of seismic profiles in all experiments is about 20,000 km.

12

Lithospheric structure of the Trans-European Suture Zone in Poland from POLONAISE'97 experiment

Guterch A., Grad M.

Acta Geophysica Polonica

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2002

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Vol. 50, nr 4

499-503

13

New deep seismic studies of the lithosphere in Central Europe : POLONAISE'97 and CELEBRATION 2000 seismic experiments

Guterch A., Grad M.

Biuletyn Państwowego Instytutu Geologicznego

|

2001

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nr 396

55-61

14

Nowa generacja programów badań głębokich struktur litosfery: eksperymenty sejsmiczne POLONAISE'97 i CELEBRATION 2000 w Europie Środkowej

Guterch A., Grad M.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2000

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Vol. 48, nr 12

1085-1095

PL

Duży sejsmiczny eksperyment POLONAISE '97 został zrealizowany w maju 1997 r. na obszarze Polski w strefie transeuropejskiego szwu i złożonych struktur związanych z basenem polskim. W badaniach wzięły udział zespoły geofizyczne z Polski, Danii, USA, Litwy, Niemiec, Finlandii, Szwecji i Kanady. Badania przeprowadzono na dużą skalę wzdłuż profili sejsmicznych o łącznej długości około 2000 km, z udziałem 613 stacji sejsmicznych, które wykonały rejestrację fal sejsmicznych wzbudzonych w 64 punktach strzałowych. Jednym z ważniejszych rezultatów badań było stwierdzenie wybitnej asymetrii między maksymalną miąższością pokrywy osadowej w rowie polskim (16-20 km) i skorupowym korzeniem (o50 km) związanym z TESZ/TTZ. Inny wielki eksperyment sejsmiczny nazwany CELEBRA TION 2000 był wykonany w Europie Środkowej w czerwcu 2000 r., na obszarze południowej i wschodniej Polski, Słowacji, Węgier, Austrii, Czech, SE Niemiec oraz częściowo na Białorusi i w Rosji. Sejsmiczny eksperyment CELEBRATION 2000 został zlokalizowany na obszarze południowo-wschodniego obrzeżenia Baltiki (wschodnioeuropejski kraton), południowej części TESZ, struktur inwersyjnych TESZ, orogenu karpackiego, basenu panońskiego i masywu czeskiego. Prace zostały sfinansowane przez międzynarodowe konsorcjum 28 instytucji z 13 krajów z Europy i Ameryki Północnej. Z 1200 aparatur sejsmicznych, które zostały użyte do rejestracji, zdecydowaną większość dostarczyły Centrum Aparaturowe IRIS/PASCAL w Waszyngtonie i Uniwersytet Teksański w El Paso w USA. Pozostałe aparatury sejsmiczne dostarczyły Kanadyjska Służba Geologiczna, uniwersytet w Kopenhadze w Danii, Instytut Badań Ziemi w Gebze w Turcji i inne organizacje z pozostałych krajów. Całkowita długość profili sejsmicznych wynosi około 9000 km. Wzdłuż profili sejsmicznych zlokalizowano 147punktów strzałowych.

EN

A large seismic experiment, the POLONAISE '97 project, was conducted in Poland during May 1997 and targeted the deep structure of the Trans European Suture Zone (TESZ) and the complex series of upper crustal features associated with the Polish Basin. It included contributions from the geophysical communities in Poland, Denmark, the USA, Lithuania, Germany, Finland, Sweden and Canada. This large lithospheric seismic experiment deployed 613 instruments to record 64 shots along five profiles with a total length of about 2000 km. One of the most important result is a very distinct asymmetry between the maximum thickness of the sedimentary cover in the Polish Trough (16-20 km) and the crustal root (a50 km) associated with TESZ/TTZ. Another large scale experiment named CELEBRATION 2000 was carried out in Central Europe during June 2000 in the territory of Southern and Eastern Poland, Slovak Republic, Hungary, Austria, the Czech Republic, SE Germany, and partly in Belarus and Russia. The CELEBRATION 2000 seismic experiment is located in the area of the southern portion of the TESZ region, the margin ofBaltica (East European Craton), inversion structures along the TESZ, the Carpathian orogenic belt, the Panonian Basin and the Bohemian Massif. Funding for the CELEBRATION 2000 experiment was made by the International Consortium consisted of 28 institutions from 13 countries in Europe and North America. The majority of the recording instruments was provided by IRIS/PASCAL Instrument Center and the University of Texas atEl Paso in the USA, the Geological Survey of Canada, the University of Copenhagen in Denmark, the Earth Research Institute in Gebze (Turkey) and others. The total number was 1200 stations and 147 shot points located along seismic lines of a total length of about 9000 km.

15

Fizyka związana z Ziemią

Guterch A.

Postępy Fizyki

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2000

|

T. 51, z. dodatk

77-79

16

Sejsmiczne badania refrakcyjne i szerokokątowe refleksyjne w basenie polskim. Projekt POLONAISE '97

Guterch A., Grad M., Śliwiński Z.

Przegląd Geofizyczny

|

1999

|

Z. 1-2

3-13

EN

The Permian-Mesozoic Basin in Poland forms the most eastern part of the Permian-Mesozoic Central European Basins, bordered from the east by the East European Craton (EEC) and from the southwest by the Bohemian Massif. The axis of the Basin, called the Mid-Polish Trough (MPT), parallels the edge of the EEC, along the boundary between the Phanerozoic and Proterozoic European crustal domains. The Polish Trough coincide approximately with the Tornquist-Teisseyre Zone (TTZ). The Polish segment of TTZ is a part of the Trans-European Suture Zone (TESZ), a first order geotectonic unit, stretching from Black Sea to the British Islands. A large seismic experiment, just completed in Poland, targeted the deep structure of the TESZ and the complex series of upper crustal features associated with it. This international cooperative effort, is known as POLONAISE'97 Project. The final experiment is perhaps the largest entirely land-based lithospheric seismic experiment, ever undertaken, with over 600 instruments being deployed to record 63 shot points along 5 profiles with a total length of more than 2000 km. Moreover, 5 multichannel seismic reflection stations (120 channels) recorded all shots.

17

New international seismic project CELEBRATION 2000 in the Central Europe between East European Craton and Pannonian Basin cross Carpathians

Guterch A., Grad M., Keller G. R., Thybo H., Vozar J., Hegedus E., Hajnal Z.

Biuletyn Państwowego Instytutu Geologicznego

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1999

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nr 387

102--104