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1

Tests on the Application of Various Types of Biomass for Activated Carbon Production

Skoczko Iwona, Guminski Remigiusz

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2024

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Vol. 25, nr 1

285--302

EN

Activated carbon (AC) is one of the best adsorbents for removing trace contaminants from air, soil and water due to its adsorption properties. It is produced from carbon-rich materials, mainly fossil raw materials. However, the price of hard coals has increased significantly in recent years due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the war in Ukraine. The existing eastern markets became blocked for carbon-raw-material sourcing. It is therefore important to find alternative materials or plant-based products. This study investigated the possibility of manufacturing activated carbon from waste biomass such as sugar beet fibers (SBSF), mixed vegetable processing waste (mainly corn) (MVW) and cherry stones (ChS). The raw material was subjected to pyrolysis, milling, granulation, carbonisation and activation at different times and temperatures. However, of the biomass materials tested, only SBSF in the form of marc can be processed into valuable activated carbon in further production steps. MVW and ChS as carbon substrates showed, in addition to high moisture and ash, low efficiency in decolourising molasses and methylene blue MB and also had a lower specific surface area.

2

Adsorption Equilibrium Studies on the Example of Nitrate Removal Onto Char Produced from Waste Tires

Skwarczynska-Wojsa Agata, Szatyłowicz Ewa, Skoczko Iwona

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

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2024

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Vol. 18, no 3

246--256

EN

There have been investigated potential evaluation of equilibrium adsorption isotherm for the removal of nitrates from water solutions using two types of char produced in commercial-scale pyrolysis based on recycled waste rubber tires. Liquid phase adsorption studies were performed under batch conditions and maximum adsorption capacity was determined. Equilibrium data were mathematically modelled using two-parameters Langmuir, Freundlich, three-parameters Redlich-Peterson, Toth, Dubinin-Radushkevich, Radke-Praushnitz, combined Langmuir-Freundlich and four-parameters Fritz-Schlunder, Marczewski-Jaroniec, Bi-Langmuir adsorption models. Obtained results revealed the potential use of the studied char adsorbents for nitrates removal from aqueous media (the maximum adsorption capacity at equilibrium 10.07 mg/g, have been achieved for CH-1 char). The Langmuir-Freundlich isotherm had the best fit for the adsorption experimental data over the whole concentration range. The highest percentage of NO3 removal efficiency onto CH-2 char achieved in NO3 initial concentration range from 26.44 to 66.55mg/L reaching values in the range of from 80.74 to 78.7%.

3

Administrative sanctions for environmental crime in selected EU areas

Skoczko Iwona, Grabowski Marek

Economics and Environment

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2023

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No. 2

90--109

EN

Each country in the European Union (EU) has its own legal system of environmental protection inc. rules of eco-crime fighting. The world copes environmental crime, developing better and better structures, laws and control systems. Establishing effective administrative sanction rules may help decrease environmental damage. The goal of the paper is the comparison of administrative sanctions for environmental crime in five different areas of the EU: France, Germany, Italy, Spain and Poland. The mechanisms of sanctions, fines and penalties in studied areas are based on financial fines. Although the states do their best to develop the most effective tools possible to enforce environmental protection and control its quality, it is not always possible in reality. Understanding and weighing the value of environmental destruction is difficult. It takes into account the human, economic and ecological aspects (considering the quality of the environment closest to the natural state).

PL

Każdy kraj w Unii Europejskiej (UE) ma swój własny system prawa ochrony środowiska, w tym zasady walki z eco-przestępczością. Świat walczy z przestępczością środowiskową rozwijając coraz lepsze struktury, zasady i system kontroli. Ustanowienie odpowiednich norm sankcji może pomóc w zmniejszeniu przestępczości środowiskowej. Celem niniejszego opracowania jest porównanie systemów kar za szkody w środowisku we Francji, Niemczech, Włoszech, Polsce i Hiszpanii. Mechanizmy sankcji, kar i grzywien bazują na karze finansowej. Chociaż państwa starają się stworzyć możliwie najbardziej efektywne instrumenty egzekwowania zasad ochrony środowiska i kontroli jego jakości, nie zawsze jest to zakończone sukcesem. Zrozumienie i ocena wartości szkód wyrządzo-nych w środowisku jest trudna. Uwzględnia aspekt ludzki, ekonomiczny i ekologiczny (dążący do przywrócenia środowiska najbliżej stanu naturalnego).

4

NFOŚiGW wspiera polskie innowacje w zakresie oczyszczania ścieków

Barbusiński Krzysztof, Żubrowska-Sudoł Monika, Bagieński Jan, Jędral Waldemar, Mąkinia Jacek, Skoczko Iwona

Wodociągi - Kanalizacja

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2019

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nr 1

8--10

5

The choice of location for a community water treatment plant using the AHP method

Skoczko Iwona, Oszczapińska Katarzyna

Ekonomia i Środowisko

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2019

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nr 1

166--176

EN

The aim of the research was to identify the location of the local sewage treatment plant with use of hierarchical multi-criteria analytical analysis: AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process) taking into account the technical, economic, and social criteria. The analysis was carried out for the rural commune of Szumowo (Zambrów district) which since 2016 forms an agglomeration. According to the Functional and Utility Programme a sewage treatment plant with a capacity of 350 m3/d was proposed, taking into account 4 location variants with an area of approx. 1.3 ha.