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1
Content available remote Comparing Varve Counting And 14C-Ams Chronologies In The Sediments Of Lake Żabińskie, Northeastern Poland: Implications For Accurate 14C Dating Of Lake Sediments
Bonk A., Tylmann W., Goslar T., Wacnik A., Grosjean M.
Geochronometria
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2015
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Vol. 42, no.1
159--171
EN
Varved lake sediments from Lake Żabińskie (northeastern Poland) provide a highresolution calendar-year chronology which allows validation of 14C dating results. Microscopic analysis of the varve microfacies revealed that laminations found in Lake Żabińskie were biogenic (calcite) varves. Three independent counts indicated a good preservation quality of laminae in the 348 cm long sediment profile which contained 1000+12/-24 varves. The varve chronology was validated with the 137Cs activity peaks, the tephra horizon from the Askja eruption at AD 1875 and with the timing of major land-use changes of known age inferred from pollen analysis. 32 AMS 14C dates of terrestrial macrofossils distributed along the profile were compared with the varve chronology. After identification of outliers, the free-shape model performed with 21 14C dates provided the best possible fit with the varve chronology. We observed almost ideal consistency between both chronologies from the present until AD 1250 while in the lower part (AD 1000–1250) the difference increases to ca. 25 years. We demonstrate that this offset can be explained by too old radiocarbon ages of plant remains transported to the lake by the inflowing creek. Results of this study highlight that careful interpretation of radiocarbon age-depth models is necessary, especially in lakes where no annual laminations are observed and no independent method are used for cross-validation.
2
Content available Eemian–Weichselian Pleniglacial fluvial deposits in S Poland (an example of the Vistula River valley in Kraków)
Sokołowski T., Wacnik A., Woronko B., Madeja J.
Geological Quarterly
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2014
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Vol. 58, No. 1
71--84
EN
A fragment of the middle terrace in the VistulaRivervalley, nearby the railway station in Kraków, is formed by fluvial channel and overbank deposits of the PrądnikRiver, which bear a record of various environments affected by changing climatic conditions. The sedimentary succession includes two complexes that differ in lithofacies. The older complex comprises fining-upward deposits (channel sand and gravelly sand with medium- and large-scale trough cross-stratification) and, less frequently, sand with planar cross-stratification overlain by silt with intercalations of biogenic deposits of abandoned channels. Vegetation accompanying the deposition of biogenic layers was typical of boreal coniferous forests, dominated by Pinus sylvestris with a small admixture of Larix, Pinus cembra, Picea, Betula, and Populus. Periodically, the landscape passed into open areas overgrown by woody tundra. The complex developed as a result of activity of a meandering river under conditions of a moderately cool climate. The younger complex includes the sand lithofacies with horizontal stratification and low-angle cross-stratification, overlain by alternating sands and silts. The topmost part is represented by sands with large- and medium scale planar cross stratification. Lack of biogenic deposits and considerable amount of frosted quartz grains in alluvial sediments indicate aeolian processes of greater intensity, periglacial conditions and evolution towards a braided or transitional river. Pollen successions, absolute dating and studies of structural and textural features of the sediment suggest that the time of its deposition may be estimated at a range between the close of the Eemian Interglacial and the Weichselian Middle Pleniglacial (OIS 5e–OIS 3).
3
Content available Badania archeobotaniczne w nawarstwieniach historycznych z terenu Krakowa: metodyka - stan badań - perspektywy
Wasylikowa K., Wacnik A., Mueller-Bieniek A.
Geologia / Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie
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2009
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T. 35, z. 1
89-100
PL
Badania paleobotaniczne na stanowiskach archeologicznych położonych w obrębie dzisiejszego Krakowa rozpoczęto w latach 30. XX wieku, ale ich intensywny rozwój nastąpił po II wojnie światowej. W badaniach tych wyróżniono dwa etapy. W starszym (do 1965 r.) najbogatsze materiały roślinne pozyskano ze wzgórza wawelskiego i z Rynku Głównego. Badania etapu młodszego (rozpoczęte po 2000 r.) związane były z najnowszymi pracami archeologicznymi prowadzonymi m.in. na Rynku Głównym, przy ul. Kanoniczej 17, Krupniczej 7 i w kilku innych punktach Starego Miasta. Najwięcej informacji o dawnej roślinności dostarczyły analizy nawarstwień średniowiecznych. W wielu przypadkach udało się wykazać zmiany intensywności i sposobu użytkowania badanych powierzchni i obiektów. Zarejestrowano duże zróżnicowanie przestrzenne i chronologiczne rozmieszczenia szczątków roślinnych w osadach.
EN
Palaeobotanical studies of archaeological sites situated on the territory of modern Kraków were initiated in the thirties of the 20th century but intensive explorations began after the World War II. The investigations can be divided in two periods. The older one was based on materials collected from archaeological excavations carried out from the late forties to ca. 1965. At that time the richest plant remains were obtained from the Wawel Hill and the Main Market Square (Rynek Główny). The studies of the younger period, which began after 2000, are connected with the new archaeological works carried out in the Main Market Square, at Kanonicza 17 St., Krupnicza 7 St. and in several other places of the Old Town. Most of the data were obtained from the Medieval layers. In a few cases it was possible to indicate changes in the intensity and ways of management of the studied features. Considerable spatial and chronological variation of the distribution of plant remains was observed.
4
Content available Przykłady oddziaływań społeczności pradziejowych na środowisko naturalne w rejonie Bechcic i Wierzbowej (Polska Środkowa)
Kittel P., Forysiak J., Błaszczyk J., Cywa K., Wacnik A., Tomczyńska Z., Muzolf B., Obremska M.
Landform Analysis
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2008
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Vol. 9
289--292
5
Content available remote Changes of natural environment in Kraków downtown - its chronology and directions. Case geoarchaeological studies of Krupnicza street site
Sokołowski T., Wacnik A., Wardas M., Pawlikowski M., Pazdur A., Madeja J., Woronko B., Madej P.
Geochronometria
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2008
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Vol. 31
7-19
EN
Sediments exposed in a construction excavation form a sequence: alluvial deposits > black soil > made ground. Peat-like deposits, organic muds and occasionally sand occur between the soil and the made ground. High aeolization of alluvial sediments allows relating their age to the Late Vistulian. The sediments were eroded and in the washout at first organic muds were deposited and subsequently sands. The lowest layer, radiocarbon-dated at 4510±60 uncal. years BP (Gd-12724), can be probably linked to climate moistening at the transition between the Holocene Atlantic and the Subboreal period. Pollen grains found in muds, black soil and peat-like deposits reflect the changes of local plant cover from dominated by pine woodlands (at the transition between the Atlantic and the Subboreal period) to strongly deforested with single trees, meadows, small crop fields and gardens in the Medieval period. Palynological results describing the character of vegetation might have been influenced also by direct human activity on site, e.g. by storage of wood and branches (then used as construction material or fuel), crops, fodder or waste. Microartefacts found in soil suggest metal processing in the vicinity during the Bronze Age. In the made ground, which has been accumulating since the 14th century, quartz, clay minerals and micas were identified together with fragments of bricks, concrete, ceramics, bones, slag, charcoal, organic matter, limestone fragments and metals. Horizons enriched in slag fragments are also high in metals: Fe, Mn and Pb, which reveal a twofold increase in metal processing activity.
6
Content available remote Rola roślin w życiu dawnych mieszkańców Krakowa: nawarstwienia archeologiczne, jako źródła archiwalne
Bieniek A., Wacnik A., Wasylikowa K., Gluza I.
Auxiliary Sciences in Archaeology, Preservation of Relics and Environmental Engineering
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2008
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nr 6 wyd. spec.
film7
7
Content available Rola roślin w życiu dawnych mieszkańców Krakowa: nawarstwienia archeologiczne, jako źródła archiwalne
Bieniek A., Wacnik A., Wasylikowa K., Gluza I.
Auxiliary Sciences in Archaeology, Preservation of Relics and Environmental Engineering
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2007
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T. 3 spec. ed.
1-3
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