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Life cycle energy consumption and CO2 emissions of different car types

Ivanov Rosen, Evtimov Ivan, Kirilov Krasimir, Minkovska Iliyana

Transport Problems

2023

T. 18, z. 3

101--111

In this research, the energy consumption and emissions of gasoline cars, battery electric cars, fuel cells electric (FCE) cars, compressed naturel gas (CNG) cars, liquid propane-butane gas (LPG) cars, etc., during their life cycles are presented. A set of flow charts presenting the production of cars and used fuel/energy is developed. These charts and the latest data for electricity production emission factor and raw materials prices are used. A comparative analysis is done. Results for primary energy and carbon emissions are presented in graphical form. They show the most economical and ecological car decisions.