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Motorbike protective helmets, construction, testing and its influence on the type and severity of injuries of motorbike accident casualties: a literature review

Obst Maciej, Rzepczyk Szymon, Głowiński Sebastian, Żaba Czesław

Vibrations in Physical Systems

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2023

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Vol. 34, nr 1

art. no. 2023118

EN

A motorcycle or moped helmet is currently mandatory, and provides basic protection to the user of a motor-powered two-wheeler against the possible consequences of a road accident. A wide market offer of various protective helmets allows one to choose from many different design solutions used by the manufacturers. The introduction of a protective motorcycle helmet is associated with the need of meeting the conditions set out in legal regulations. In recent years there have been changes in the legal provisions regarding to protective helmets and the conditions imposed on helmets are becoming more and more restrictive. There have also been changes in the conditions for conducting the helmet approval tests. Regulations valid in Europe include the Economic Commission of Europe (ECE), whereas regulations in the United States are created by the Department of Transportation (DOT). Despite the advanced construction of protective helmets, various test methods, and changes in legal regulations, the problem of the effective protection of the heads of two-wheeler users remains valid. The article presents an actual state of constructions for motorbike helmets, safety level, testing methodology and actually applicable law regulations. This analysis includes a wide medical description of motorcyclist injuries and helmet obstacle impact behaviour. Further studies are required to estimate the head and neck injuries caused by accidents involving motorcycles and other materials. Therefore, construction and testing methods should be developed accordingly. This review presents the current state of knowledge that can be used as the basis for helmet tests and medical assessments of body injuries.

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Helmet Usage for Single-Track Vehicle Users in the Poznan Agglomeration: A Preliminary Study

Obst Maciej, Rzepczyk Szymon, Karwasz Anna, Głowiński Sebastian

Transport Samochodowy

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2023

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z. 2

51--56

EN

Accidents are inherent elements of human activity, and engineers have strived to develop safety systems to safeguard people against accidents, which are often random and unpredictable. Helmets have become the most popular means of protection over the years. They have undergone significant modifications, evolving into effective and advanced tools for head protection. Unfortunately, because helmets remain optional for bicycle users, some individuals choose to ignore safety guidelines. Methods: This research employed a survey method conducted among the residents of the Poznan agglomeration to determine the reasons behind the low adoption of helmets. A questionnaire consisting of 15 questions was distributed to 173 users of two-wheeled vehicles, including motorbikes, bicycles, mopeds, and electric scooters. Results: The findings revealed that only 41.4% of men declared using helmets, with 24.4% of women doing so. Additionally, 44.4% of the helmets in use were new, while the remaining 55.6% were purchased second-hand. Conclusion: The research indicates that individuals are more likely to wear protective helmets on older two-wheelers, and helmet usage is higher in larger cities. Therefore, it is essential to focus bicycle helmet educational campaigns on children and teenagers to improve safety awareness and encourage helmet usage.

PL

Wypadki są nieodłącznym elementem działalności człowieka, dlatego inżynierowie starają się opracować systemy bezpieczeństwa, które chronią ludzi przed wypadkami, które często są przypadkowe i nieprzewidywalne. Kaski stały się na przestrzeni lat najpopularniejszym środkiem ochrony. Przeszły istotne modyfikacje, ewoluując w skuteczne i zaawansowane narzędzia ochrony głowy. Niestety, ponieważ kaski pozostają opcjonalne dla użytkowników rowerów, niektóre osoby ignorują wytyczne dotyczące bezpieczeństwa. Metody: W badaniu wykorzystano metodę ankietową przeprowadzoną wśród mieszkańców aglomeracji poznańskiej w celu ustalenia przyczyn małej ilości noszonych kasków. Kwestionariusz składający się z 15 pytań rozesłano do 173 użytkowników pojazdów dwukołowych, w tym motocykli, rowerów, motorowerów i hulajnóg elektrycznych. Wyniki: Z przeprowadzonych badań wynika, że używanie kasków deklaruje jedynie 41,4% mężczyzn, zaś kobiet 24,4%. Dodatkowo 44,4% użytkowanych hełmów było nowych, a pozostałe 55,6% kupionych z drugiej ręki. Wnioski: Badania wskazują, że osoby częściej noszą kaski ochronne na starszych jednośladach, a ich użycie jest częstsze w większych miastach. Dlatego istotne jest skupienie kampanii edukacyjnych na temat kasków rowerowych na dzieciach i nastolatkach, aby zwiększyć świadomość bezpieczeństwa i zachęcić do używania kasków.

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Road Safety Barriers and the Safety of Road users – the Analysis of the Situation in Poland

Rzepczyk Szymon, Majer Jakub, Obst Maciej

Logistics and Transport

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2022

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Vol. 55-56, No. 3-4

19--36

EN

Road safety barriers are a basic element of the road infrastructure aimed at improving the safety of road users. Design parameters and indications for assembly are strictly regulated by the GDDKiA (General Directorate for National Roads and Motorways) guidelines in accordance with the European standards. In Poland, the most commonly used barriers are thin-walled metal sheet barriers, rope barriers, and concrete ones. The types differ in terms of technical parameters and level of security they provide. One of the purposes of installing road safety barriers is to protect road users from hitting an obstacle in the vicinity of the road, and to protect people around the accident from the effects of an uncontrolled vehicle leaving the road. The effects of a collision caused by hitting a protective road barrier depend mainly on the type of the barrier and the vehicle. The authors made a detailed and interdisciplinary analysis of data on accidents resulting from hitting a road safety barrier, comparing them with information available in the literature, combining the technical aspects of the use of barriers with a medical description of the description of typical injuries.