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Siły zbrojne i polityka bezpieczeństwa Ukrainy po rozpadzie Związku Radzieckiego

Kuspys P.

Zeszyty Naukowe AON

2007

nr 3(68)

89-108

After the break up of the Soviet Union existing dual order of international cooperation and the global system of security based on it, crumbled into ruin. In place of the entire nuclear power which the USRR had been, were several countries pretending to have the role of nuclear superpower. Ukraine, possessing more than 3,500 nuclear warheads, was one of the them, and now considered the third nuclear power in the world. On its territory there were also approx. 780 thousand soldiers and space assets - stronger than all European NATO countries possessed. Furthermore, Ukraine inherited a complex war industry which makes it an important world exporter of weapon systems. As a result Kiev took a strategy of neutrality in relation to membership of political-military alliances both on West and East. It bases its security on their nuclear armament. This strategy was supposed to guarantee independence. Kiev wanted to tighten cooperation with the East without harming the Russian-Ukrainian relations. In the course of time they started to leave the conception of neutrality in this range. Radically distancing itself from building a system of security, with Russia playing the main role, in the second part of the 90s. Ukraine started to head towards integration with North Atlantic alliance. After the "orange revolution" this aspiration lost its intensity. Following the announcement of Viktor Yanukovych in 2006 that they were suspending efforts to become a member of NATO, Ukraine has started an anti-NATO campaign, which aims at conducting a referendum and blocking the idea of joining this organization ultimately.