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1
Content available remote Diversity of freshwater red algae in Europe
EN
Of the total number of freshwater red algae (ca. 180 taxa), one third are found in Europe (ca. 60 taxa). Over one third (24 taxa) of European taxa have been found at only one single location or at very few locations. The majority of taxa live in running waters, but some occur in lakes, on wet ground, in hot springs or in garden ponds. Diversity in the Nordic countries of Sweden and Finland seems to be somewhat higher (27 and 28 taxa, respectively) than in the central and southern parts of Europe (e.g. Austria 23, Belgium 22, Hungary 9, Poland 22, Slovakia 15, Switzerland 12 and Spain 20 taxa).
PL
Przeprowadzono standardową analizę wody oraz określono zawartości metali ciężkich w wodach, osadach i wybranych gatunkach roślin, pobranych ze stawów oraz ze strumienia Matylda w rejonie dawnej kopalni rud Zn-Pb Matylda w Chrzanowie. Mimo niemal 40 lat od zamknięcia kopalni koncentracje Zn, Cd i Pb wodzie i roślinach są wciąż bardzo wysokie, a w osadach przekraczają nawet 1000 razy wartości tła geochemicznego.
EN
Standard analyze of water and heavy metals content in waters, sediments and selected plant species were carried out in the fish ponds and the Matylda stream in proximity to former Zn-Pb ore mine Matylda in Chrzanów. Despite almost 40 years since closure of the mine, sediments, waters and plants are strongly polluted by Zn, Cd and Pb with sediment concentrations exceeding even 1000 times geochemical background.
EN
An account is given of the status of monitoring in a new legal system for environmental protection in Poland. The legal acts such as Environmental Protection Law, Water Law and resulting from it the Ordinance of the Ministry of Environment, which relate to the EU Water Framework Directives (2000/60/EC) were introduced to the Polish legal system. They present the principles by which state monitoring of the environment should operate in Poland and thus the source of information about water quality. The present article deals with continuation of the biological studies for monitoring rivers, including the relevance of a computer programme for this purpose. The article concludes with and assessment of how the quality of Polish rivers will be improved as a result of this legislation.
EN
Freshwater red algae (Rhodophyta) occur mainly in running waters. They are generally indicators of good water quality (oligotrophic, oligosaprobic). Many of them are also included on lists of threatened algae. According to the literature, the range of occurrence of red algae at the group level is wide for current velocity, water conductivity and pH. At the genus level, some genera seem to prefer or need hard water and an alkaline environment (Compsopogon, Hildenbrandia, Thorea), whereas others prefer soft water (conductivity < 100 μS m-1). They may also occur in acid water (Audouinella, Batrachospermum, Lemanea, Sirodotia and Tuomeya). With the exception of those living in hard waters, most species also have a rather wide ecological tolerance as measured by common water quality variables. Trophic and saprobic classifications seem to depend rather on geographical conditions than on the real ecological preferences of red algal taxa.
EN
Diatom indices and indicator system based on benthic diatom communities were used to estimate the water quality and its changes in the Vistula River on the sector between 10 and 337 km of its course. The results showed similar trend in the water quality changes along the river course as those obtained by chemical analyses. Significant correlation was found between the calculated index values and also between indices and selected water chemistry variables related to the organic pollution and trophic state. However, there was no correlation with the concentration of phosphates. Both results, the chemical as well as biological ones based on diatoms, showed differences in water quality along the investigated river sector. Natural, unpolluted water with low nutrient concentration was found only in the upper part of the river (up to 10,9 km of its course). The increased trophic state was observed in changes of all the calculated diatom index values and in the relative abundance of the indicators for eutrophic stage already from 36.6 km, raising up together with organic pollution level along the river course. The heavy pollution occured mainly on the section from 66.2 km to 185.2 km. At the last part of the investigated sector especially on 336.7 km, an improving tendency was observed.The seasonal changes in the diatom community structure and values of diatom indices were connected with fluctuations of current velocity observed in 1997 during big flood at the beginning of July. Distinct differences were found in August and October 1997, when the structure of diatom communities and the values of diatom indices indicated the lowest water quality in the whole investigated sector.
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