Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

The challenge of mobility in Europe

Baron A., Mączka M., Piwek K.

Prace Instytutu Lotnictwa

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2010

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Nr 3 (205)

3-13

EN

This paper briefly reviews the transport networks and socio-economic indicators affecting the development of transport and shows the share of different modes of transport in passenger transport volume in Europe. Based on statistics and studies of mobility, carried out earlier in the framework of European programs, an assessment of accessibility and performance of main transport systems was made. Pointed out the need to fill the existing gap transport occurring in the range of 300 km to about 1200 km.

2

Synthesis of EPATS demand estimation

Laplace I., Chertier C., Baron A., Mączka M.

Prace Instytutu Lotnictwa

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2010

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Nr 3 (205)

67-81

EN

A mode choice model that generates on demand small aircraft travel forecasts between NUTS-2 regions connections of 28 EU countries based on interregional passengers mobility and value of time and vehicle performance characteristics is presented. The paper explains Small Aircraft Transport demand modeling at the EU mobility and airspace levels. The model is based on the assumption, that the passenger chooses the mode of transport, which minimizes their generalized cost of travel. The model has been developed under the project EPATS (European Personal Air Transportation System) funded by EU Commission. The model gives an instrument to evaluate the potential transfer of passenger demand to personal aviation by 2020 and the fleet of EPATS aircraft that would be needed to satisfy this demand. The estimations have been made first at European level and then at national level for domestic traffic of two European countries: France and Poland.

3

Mobility in Eurpoean Countries

Laplace I., Chertier C., Baron A., Mączka M.

Prace Instytutu Lotnictwa

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2010

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Nr 3 (205)

33-66

EN

This paper describes the methodology and results of studies carried out on mobility in European Countries by the authors in the framework of EPATS project (European Personal Air Transportation System). The objective of these studies was to analyse the main characteristics of the mobility in Europe when particularly focusing on the mobility features on the connections where personal aviation could potentially operate. Besides this general analysis of mobility in Europe we also focus on the mobility analysis in two particular countries: France and Poland. Both indeed belong to the countries with the highest traffic level in old European countries and new European countries. The mobility analysis made at a EU 15 level highlights that the long-distance journeys characteristics change according to the customer profile: business and leisure traveler do not travel the same way (difference in terms of transport mode, duration, traveler features (age, gender, etc.)). Characteristics of long-distance mobility therefore vary a lot according to the trip purpose. We identify that 15 223 connections between 28 countries can be considered as EPATS potential connections. All together these potential connections represent 24% of the total existing NUTS 2 connections in Europe. Despite the lack of detailed data on the traffic occurring on these connections the analysis manage to provide very interesting and important information on the current traffic levels and modal splits. The total traffic on the potential EPATS connections is 2400 billion passengers amongst whom 436 million travel to and from France and 93 million to and from Poland. The analysis also highlights the large market share of the road transport mode on these connections since 79% of the passengers travel by car. The air transport market share often exceeds the road one for distance over 1500 Km and reaches 100% for distances over 2000 Km. The road transport mode preponderance on the potential EPATS connections hence tend to mean that the traditional air transportation is often less competitive than the road transport mode. But could a different way of travelling by air such as the personal aviation be an alternative to the traditional air transport as well as to road transport. The answer to this question is the next step of the analysis aiming at assessing the traffic that could be potentially transferred to EPATS by 2020 as well as the EPATS aircraft fleet that would be necessary to satisfy this demand.

4

Intelligent Personalized Air Transportation System (IPATS)

Baron A.

Prace Instytutu Lotnictwa

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2010

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Nr 3 (205)

104-118

EN

The goal of IPATS is to personalize Air Transportation System and fill the communication gap, which exists on interregional national and European destinations with underdeveloped transport network, located in a distance longer than 300 km, and where implementation of others modes of fast transport (high-speed rail, traditional airlines) is irrational due to too low flow density travel and where road transport is too disadvantageous in individual, social as well as ecological dimension. Furthermore the objective of such system is to avoid the ever increasing congestion on European roads and to offer an alternative for current transport system. Achieving this objective involves the need to integrate Information & Communication sub-system which enables interaction between Users (passengers) and Providers through internet and mobile networks This paper describes this new idea, its operational concept, system, which must be developed and assumptions for future investigation.

5

EPATS Aircfaft missions specification

Baron A.

Prace Instytutu Lotnictwa

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2010

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Nr 3 (205)

82-103

EN

These missions requirements for EPATS aircraft have been developed taking into account the future needs of the market analysis carried out under the project EPATS. Aircraft mission requirements are derived from passenger traffic and the level of wealth of the population. A wide range of public revenue, operating costs of different types of aircraft and passengers flow rates cause the need for appropriate diversification of types of aircraft operating in the System. This paper presents the results of these analysis.

6

Air transport efficiency and its measures

Baron A.

Prace Instytutu Lotnictwa

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2010

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Nr 3 (205)

119-132

EN

There are various definitions of efficiency of transport and different methods of measurement. This makes it difficult to measure and carry out benchmarking assessment of different modes. This paper presents proposals for measuring the efficiency of transport systems, taking as criteria: travel time, energy consumption, material use, impact on environment, affordability and accessibility. Based on these criteria, a benchmarking analysis of road and air transport was carried out. A new proposal for general definition of efficiency of transport is presented.

7

Badania odporności korozyjnej tytanu poddanego procesowi pasywacji anodowej

Simka W., Nawrat G., Baron A., Iwaniak A., Michalska J.

Ochrona przed Korozją

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2008

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nr 4-5

153-155

PL

Przedstawiono badania odporności na korozję tytanu w symulowanym roztworze fizjologicznym Tyrode'a. Na podstawie badań elektrochemicznych określono wpływ procesu pasywacji anodowej na potencjał korozyjny, opór polaryzacyjny oraz gęstość prądu korozyjnego.

EN

Investigations of the titanium corrosion resistance in Tyrodes simulated physiological solution have been presented. Electrochemical investigations were performed to assess the influence of anodic passivation on corrosion potential, polarisation resistance and corrosion current density.

8

Electropolishing and chemical passivation of austenitic steel

Baron A., Simka W., Nawrat G., Szewieczek D.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

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2008

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Vol. 31, nr 2

197-202

EN

Purpose: The aim of the paper is investigations a dependence between the parameters of the electrochemical treatment of austenitic steel and their electrochemical behavior in Tyrod solution. Design/methodology/approach: Specimens (rode 30 mm × Ø1 mm) were to give in to the surface treatment-mechanically polishing, electrolytic polishing and passivation with various parameter. Electrochemical investigations concerning the corrosion resistance of austenitic steel samples were carried out by means of the potentiodynamic and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy method. Findings: The analysis of the obtained results leads to the conclusion that chemical passivation affects also the chemical composition of the passive layer of steel and changes its resistance to corrosion. Electrolytic polishing improves corrosion resistance, as can be proved by the shift of the value of the corrosion potential and breakdown potential of the passive layer and the initiation of pittings. Research limitations/implications: The obtained results are the basis for the optimization of anodic passivation parameters of the austenitic steel as a metallic biomaterial. The future research should be focused on selected more suitable parameters of the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy test to better describe process on the solid/ liquid interface. Practical implications: In result of the presented investigations it has been found that the best corrosion resistance can be achieved thanks to the application of electrolytic polishing of the steel in a special bath and chemical passivation in nitric (V) acid with an addition of chromic (VI) acid temperature t = 60°C for one hour. Originality/value: The enormous demand for metal implants has given rise to a search for cheap materials with a good biotolerance and resistance to corrosion. Most commonly used are steel implants assigned to remain in the organism for some limited time only. It was compare two electrochemical methods: potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.

9

Selected manufacturing techniques of nanomaterials

Baron A., Szewieczek D., Nowosielski R.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

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2007

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Vol. 20, nr 1-2

83-86

EN

Purpose: Enabling nanofabrication techniques as tools for experiments to understand the underlying science and engineering in the nanometer scale are required. This paper is a resume a range of technology and characterization tools relevant for nanoelectronics devices. Design/methodology/approach: An overview on bottom - up and bottom - down fabrication techniques are presented in this paper. As an alternative to the continually increasing cost of nanotechnology for manufacturing electronic devices, new strategies are examined in research, which are based on basic principles of physics and chemistry. For example, molecular self-organization mechanisms are developed in order to manufacture well-defined nanostructures with desired properties. Findings: This paper includes description of three methods of production nanolayers and monolayers molecular self-organization, Langmuir-Blodget films and Nanoimprint Litography. Research limitations/implications: The most extreme approach is to build nanostructures atom by atom with the help of scanning tunneling microscope at low temperatures. This is very slow method to build nanostructures, usually a couple of hours. An alternative approach for the formation of nanostructures is self-organization of atoms. Practical implications: The greatest advantage of litographic patterning is very large variety of different structures which can be defined by lithographic methods, Langmuir - Blodget (LB) films is another unpopular method to produce nanomaterials. Originality/value: Materials engineering technology stands today at the edge of a huge challenge: produce cheap nanomaterials for nanoelectronics. Building materials from the bottom up requires a multidisciplinary approach. This arena is unquestionably in the nano-dimension, where all fields of science and engineering meet.

10

Influence of crystallisation an amorphous Co77Si11.5B11.5 alloy on corrosion behavior

Nowosielski R., Zajdel A., Baron A., Lesz S.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

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2007

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Vol. 20, nr 1-2

167-170

EN

Purpose: This paper describes crystallization kinetics and its influence on changes of electrochemical behavior of amorphous, amorphous relaxed and nanocrystalline Co77Si11,5B11,5 alloy. Design/methodology/approach: The following experimental techniques were used: structural research - X-ray diffraction (XRD) and electrochemical investigations were carried out by means of an electrochemical impedance spectroscopy method. Findings: Heat treatment of amorphous Co77Si11,5B11,5 alloy leads to the formation of the hexagonal alpha-Co phase in an amorphous matrix at the temperature T = 798 K and this is the first stage of the crystallization process. At the temperature T = 873 K appearance of boride phase Co2B, Co3B and silicates phase Co2Si was state. It is the second stage of crystallization. The existence of boride phases was confirmed by after annealing in the temperature range from 730 K up to 873 K. The secondary crystallization is known to cause grain coarsening of phases and the electrochemical properties. The analysis leads to the conclusion that in view of data obtained from electrochemical tests in 3% NaCl solution, the crystallization process begins at lower temperatures than resulting from XRD data Co77Si11,5B11,5 alloy. Practical implications: The attractive properties of Co-Si-B alloy are of special interest for basic research on the materials as well as for their potential applications. Due to their numerous potential application nanocrystalline cobalt based alloys could be work in a wet industrial and marine atmosphere containing sulphide and chloride ions. Electrochemical corrosion can changes structure and magnetic properties of Co-based alloys. Originality/value: It has been shown that thermal annealing at temperature lower than the crystallization temperature leads to a significant changes of the initial electrochemical behaviour in 3% NaCl solution.

11

EIS tests of electrochemical behaviour of Ti6Al4V and Ti6Al7Nb alloys

Baron A., Simka W., Chrzanowski W.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

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2007

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Vol. 21, nr 1

23-26

EN

Purpose: This study has been undertaken in order to establish the influence of parameters of the electrochemical treatment of Ti-alloys on their electrochemical behaviour in Tyrod solution. Design/methodology/approach: Surface of the Ti-alloys: Ti6Al4V and Ti6Al7Nb in the form of a rod submitted to grounding, electropolishing and anodic passivation. Electrochemical investigations were carried out by means of the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy method. Scope of this paper includes analysis of the impedance spectra based on Bode plot. Findings: Prolongation time of anodic passivation to 60 minutes caused formation of a two - layer model consisting of an inner layer which is compact and the barrier type, and outer layer which is porous. Research limitations/implications: Obtained results are the basis for the optimization of anodic passivation parameters of the Ti alloys as a metallic biomaterial. The future research should be focused on selected more suitable parameters of the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy test to better describe process on the solid/liquid interface. Practical implications: It has been found that a good resistance to corrosion and homogeneous oxide layer on the Ti6Al4V and Ti6Al7Nb alloys surface can be achieved due to the application of electrolytic polishing of these alloys in a special bath and anodic passivation in sulphuric acid (VI), phosphoric acid (V) and inorganic salts. Originality/value: Results of the experiments presents the influence of various conditions of anodic passivation of the surface of the Ti6Al4V and Ti6Al7Nb alloy. In this cases, when the surface roughness plays important role, this method can be applied in treatment of the material intended for medical applications especially.

12

Regionalny system transportu małymi samolotami - alternatywa dla dalszych podróży samochodami

Baron A., Piwek K.

Zeszyty Naukowe. Transport / Politechnika Śląska

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2006

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z. 62

31-45

PL

Ideą Regionalnego Systemu Transportu Małymi Samolotami (STMS) jest udostępnienie ekonomicznego, szybkiego, bezpiecznego i ekologicznie korzystnego środka transportu społecznościom wszystkich obszarów kraju, a szczególnie regionom oddalonym od głównych szlaków komunikacyjnych. Regionalny System Transportu Małymi Samolotami ma wypełnić niszę rynkową na relacjach O-D (Origin-Destination) o długości od 250 km do 1500 km i wyżej, na których korzystanie z samochodu osobowego jest uciążliwe, i na których brak jest połączeń ekspresowych lub lotniczych regionalnymi liniami, a ich wprowadzenie jest nieracjonalne ze względu na małe natężenie ruchu.

EN

The idea of Regional Small Aircraft Transportation System is accessibility to all countries communities (especially remote to main traffic routines) new transport mode -economic, fast, safe and clean. Regional Small Aircraft Transportation System will fulfill market niche on distance O-D (Origin-Destination) from 250 km to 1500 km and longer. It is niche between Surface and Scheduled Air Transport. This future Regional Small Aircraft Transportation System will provide a wider choice of transportation mode - and the wider use of small aircraft, served by small airports, to create access to more communities in less time.

13

Influence of electrolytic polishing on electrochemical behaviour of austenitic steel

Baron A., Simka W., Nawrat G., Szewieczek D., Krzyżak A.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

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2006

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Vol. 18, nr 1-2

55--58

EN

Purpose: The paper deals with investigations on the influence of the parameters of the electrochemical treatment of austenitic steel on their electrochemical behaviour in Tyrod solution. Design/methodology/approach: Electrochemical investigations concerning the corrosion resistance of austenitic steel samples were carried out by means of the potentiodynamic and elektrochemical impedance spectroscopy method. Findings: The analysis of the obtained results leads to the conclusion that chemical passivation affects also the chemical composition of the passive layer of steel and changes its resistance to corrosion. Electrolytic polishing improves corrosion resistance, as can be proved by the shift of the value of the corrosion potential and breakdown potential of the passive layer and the initiation of pittings. Practical implications: In result of the presented investigations it has been found that the best corrosion resistance can be achieved thanks to the application of electrolytic polishing of the steel in a special bath and chemical passivation in nitric (V) acid with an addition of chromic (VI) acid temperature t = 60°C for one hour. Originality/value: The enormous demand for metal implants has given rise to a search for cheap materials with a good biotolerance and resistance to corrosion. Most commonly used are steel implants assigned to remain in the organism for some limited time only. It was compare two electrochemical methods: potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.

14

Electrochemical behavior of Ni-Ti alloy after surface modification

Kaczmarek M., Simka W., Baron A., Szewczenko J., Marciniak J.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

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2006

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Vol. 18, nr 1-2

111--114

EN

Purpose: The shape memory effect and superelasticity make the nickel-titanium alloy an interesting material for medical applications. But the biocompatibility has been questioned due to conflicting results in the literature. The latest research has shown that this situation may be caused by a variation in NiTi surface treatment. The appropriate surface treatment increases the corrosion resistance. The paper presents the electrochemical behavior of NiTi alloy after surface modification with the use of various techniques. Design/methodology/approach: The evaluation of the electrochemical behavior of NiTi alloy was realized both by recording of anodic polarization curves with the use of the potentiodynamic method and by an electrochemical impedance spectroscopy technique (EIS). Findings: Surface condition of metallic biomaterial determines its corrosion resistance. In the course of the work it was observed that the lowest values of corrosion current were recorded for the sterilized and the thermally passivated samples. The highest values of corrosion current were recorded for the ground samples. These samples obviously had also the highest corrosion rate. Research limitations/implications: The obtained results are the basis for the optimization of physicochemical properties of the metallic biomaterial. The future research should be focused on selected specific implants specially with respect to their application features. Practical implications: On the basis of the obtained results it can be stated that the suggested surface treatment can be applicable for medical implants due to the increase of the corrosion resistance and in consequence the increase of biocompatibility. Originality/value: The paper presents the influence of various methods of the surface treatment on corrosion resistance of the NiTi alloy. The suggested methods can be applied in treatment of the material intended for medical applications especially in cases where the surface roughness plays important role.

15

Elektrochemiczna spektroskopia impedancyjna w badaniu korozji stopu Fe78Si9B13

Szewieczek D., Baron A., Nawrat G.

Ochrona przed Korozją

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2005

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nr 6

232-237

PL

W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań korozyjnego zachowania stopu Fe78Si9B13 o strukturze amorficznej, amorficznej po relaksacji strukturalnej i nanokrystalicznej w roztworze siarczanów. Badania przeprowadzono posługując się jedną z metod zaliczanej do grupy technik zmiennoprądowych - elektrochemiczną spektroskopią impedancyjną. Zależnie od struktury badanego stopu określono mechanizm korozji elektrochemicznej, a w oparciu o widma impedancyjne zaproponowano zastępczy układ elektryczny opisujący zjawiska zachodzące na powierzchni stopu podczas badania w 0,5 M roztworze Na2SO4. Przedstawiono również interpretację zaproponowanego zastępczego układu elektrycznego.

EN

The electrochemical behavior of amorphous Fe78Si9B13, relaxed amorphous and nanocrystallized alloys tested in sulphate solutions was tested. The tests were conducted using a method categorized within the group of alternate current techniques- the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy method. Depending on the structure of the investigated alloy the electrochemical corrosion mechanisms were characterized, and based on the obtained impedance spectra an equivalent circuit model describing corrosion phenomena taking place on the alloy surface in a 0,5 M solution of Na2SO4 was proposed. An interpretation of the equivalent electrical circuit was also presented.

16

Analiza skuteczności sterów lekkiego samolotu w korkociągu

Baron A., Goraj Z.

Prace Instytutu Lotnictwa

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2001

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Nr 4 (167)

45-53

PL

Artykuł skupia się głównie na eksperymentalnych badaniach korkociągowych prototypu I-23 lekkiego samolotu, zaprojektowanego i oblatanego i Instytucie Lotnictwa w Warszawie. Konstrukcja jest całkowicie kompozytowa, pposiada proste skrzydło i chowane podwozie. Układ aerodynamicany i system sterowania samolotu są klasyczne. Powierzchnia nośna wynosi 10m2, rozpiętość skrzydła 8.8m, max. masa startowa jest równa 1150kg. W pracy zawarto analizę i przedstawiono odpowiednie metody wyprowadzania samolotu z korkociągu, możliwe do rozważania na wczesnym etapie projektu samolotu. Zbadano trzy czynniki główne decydujące o charakterystykach korkociągowych lekkiego samolotu - względny rozkład masy pomiędzy skrzydło i kadłub, gęstość względną samolotu oraz konfigurację usterzenia. Wyznaczono tzw. współczynnik tłumienia usterzenia (TDPF) z uwzględnieniem tzw. nieosłoniętej powierzchni statecznika pionowego. Testy przeprowadzone na dużych kątach natarcia w tunelu aerodynamicznym na modelu samolotu w skali 1:3 pokazały, że nie ma różnic pomiędzy skutecznością steru kierunku w obecności i pod nieobecność usterzenia poziomego.

EN

This paper focuses mainly on the experimental and in-flight spin investigationsfor an executive lightairplane, named I-23 and built in Institute of Aviation. It is single-engine, all composite, straight wing, rectable undercarriage, conventional configuration and flight control system airplane. Gross wing area is 10m2, wing span - 8.8m, maximum take-off mass-1150kg. spin analysisand adequate treatment to spin recovery were considered earlyin the design stage. Very well known three principal factors,overriding importance in the spinning of light airplanes, were carefully investigated. among them were: the relative distribution of the mass of the airplane between the wing and fuselage, relative airplane density and the tail configuration. In setting up the tail-design requirements, the so-called taildamping power factor was computed using the unshieldedrudder volume coefficient and the tail-damping ratio. The wind tunnel tests, performed on the scaled (1:3) airplane model at high angles of attack showed that there were no differences between effectiveness of the rudder alone configuration (horizontal tail removed) and that of the full configuration (including horizontal tail).

17

Wpływ ukształtowania pojazdów szynowych na opór aerodynamiczny pociągu

Gąsowski W., Baron A.

Problemy Kolejnictwa

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1998

|

Z. 127

19-43

PL

W artykule przedstawiono wyniki eksperymentalnego wyznaczania oporów aerodynamicznych pojazdów szynowych. Zbadano wpływ: geometrii pudła, zamontowania osłon aerodynamicznych, przejść międzywagonowych oraz wózków, wyposażenia podwagonowego i pantografów na opory pojazdu. Wyznaczono współczynniki oporów aerodynamicznych służących do właściwego ukształtowania geometrii pojazdów i zestawionych z nich pociągów.

EN

Findings of experimental determining aerodynamic resistance of rail vehicles were presented in the article. Effects of body geometry, aerodynamic shield installation, wagon-to-wagon passage as well as bogie, undercar outfit and pantograph on resistance of a vehicle were studied. Aerodynamic resistance ratios necessary to appropriate shaping geometry of vehicles and trains formed from them were determined.