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Development of graphene-based biosensor for medical diagnostics

Sobolewski P., Penkala K., Podolski J., Mijowska E., El Fray M.

Engineering of Biomaterials

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2014

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Vol. 17, no. 128-129

83

EN

The explosion of information provided by the “-omics,” (genomics, proteomics, etc.) has resulted in a pressing need to develop matching diagnostic technologies, so-called biosensors. Rapid, sensitive, selective, and cost-effective analysis of different biomolecules and microorganisms is crucial in clinical diagnosis and efficient treatment of patients. Further, there is a growing demand for decentralized laboratory methodologies that can be implemented in doctor’s office, emergency room or in the field for the analysis of such analytes as DNA, RNA, proteins, antibodies, bacteria, viruses, small compounds etc. Lab-on-a-chip platforms and miniaturized point-of-care devices based on biosensors fulfill these demands and are foreseen to revolutionize the future of medical diagnostics. Because of excellent electric and optical properties, graphene has recently found to be highly attractive in biosensing applications and may thrust new possibilities into the field of miniaturized medical diagnostic devices. The main objective of this project is to develop a multifunctional grapheme biosensor for effective electrochemical detection of specific DNA microbial targets in biological samples. Novel nanocomposites consisting of chitosan and nanoparticle-modified graphene will be combined with locked nucleic acid molecular beacons with the goal of producing “ink” for ultrasonic non-contact printing of electrical circuits. The developed technology will allow fabrication of low cost, highly sensitive biosensors for point-of-care diagnosis.

2

Lidar observations of volcanic dust over Polish Polar Station at Hornsund after eruptions of Eyjafjallajokull and Grimsvotn

Karasiński G, Posyniak M, Bloch M, Sobolewski P, Małarzewski Ł., Soroka J

Acta Geophysica

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2014

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Vol. 62, no. 2

316--339

EN

Two significant volcanic eruptions, i.e., Eyjafjallajökull (April-May 2010) and Grímsvötn (May 2011) took place recently in Iceland. Within a few days after eruptions, layers of high aerosol concentration have been observed by multiwavelength lidar of the Polish Polar Station at Hornsund, Svalbard. Measurements of the aerosol’s optical properties indicated a possible presence of volcanic ash transported over the Station. The latter presumption was confirmed by the computed backward trajectories of air masses, showing their paths passing over the location of volcanoes.

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Variability in aerosol optical properties at Hornsund, Spitsbergen

Rozwadowska A., Sobolewski P.

Oceanologia

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2010

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No. 52 (4)

599-620

EN

Spectra of the aerosol optical thickness from the AERONET station at Hornsund in 2005-2008 were employed to study the interseasonal and intraseasonal variability in aerosol optical thickness for λ=500 nm (AOT(500)) and the Angström exponent in the southern part of Spitsbergen in spring and summer. The dependences of aerosol optical properties on long-range transport and local meteorological conditions, i.e. wind direction and speed and humidity, were analysed. Backward trajectories computed by means of NOAA HYSPLIT model (Draxler & Rolph 2003) were used to trace the air mass history. The mean values of AOT(500) for spring and summer were 0.110 ± 0.007 (mean and standard deviation of the mean) and 0.048 ± 0.003 respectively. The average values of the Angström exponent do not differ and take respective values of 1.44 ± 0.03 and 1.45 ± 0.03. In both seasons, the highest AOT(500) cases (the highest 20% of AOT values) can be explained by long-range transport from Europe, Asia (spring and summer) and North America (summer). In summer, the impact of distant sources on AOT is strongly modified by cleansing processes en route to Hornsund. Local meteorological conditions at the station are of secondary importance as regards the intraseasonal variability of aerosol optical properties in the southern part of Spitsbergen.

4

Modelling and validation of the potential solar radiation for the Hornsund region - application of the R.sun model

Szymanowski M., Kryza M., Migała K., Sobolewski P., Kolondra L.

Roczniki Geomatyki

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2008

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T. 6, z. 2

107-112

EN

R.sun is a solar radiation model implemented in the OpenSource GRASS GIS. The model can be used to calculate spatial patterns of both instantaneous and daily sums of beam, diffused and reflected solar radiation. The input data are digital elevation model, needed to calculate slopes and their aspects, and the Linke turbidity factor, which describes the attenuation of the solar radiation in the atmosphere. Optionally, terrain-shadowing effects may be considered, which is important for areas with complex relief. Effects of cloudiness on the incoming solar radiation can also be parameterised, separately for the beam and diffused radiation. Here the r.sun model is applied to calculate the potential (i.e. for cloudless conditions) solar radiation for the Hornsund area (SW Spitsbergen). The shadowing effect is included, which is of special importance for the area because of the relief complexity and low solar altitudes. The results are shown on a series of maps and compared with measurements. The validation of the model shows a good agreement between the model results and the available measurements.

PL

R.sun jest narzędziem służącym do modelowania dopływu promieniowania słonecznego do powierzchni ziemi, zaimplementowanym w działającym na licencji OpenSource systemie GIS GRASS. Model może być zastosowany do obliczania zarówno wielkości chwilowych (momentowych), jak i dziennych sum promieniowania bezpośredniego, rozproszonego i odbitego. Wejściowymi informacjami są: cyfrowy model terenu, potrzebny do określenia nachyleń i ekspozycji stoków oraz współczynnik zmętnienia Linkego, opisujący zmniejszenie promieniowania słonecznego w atmosferze. Dodatkowo istnieje możliwość uwzględnienia zachmurzenia nieba, parametryzowanego oddzielnie dla promieniowania bezpośredniego i rozproszonego. Model R.sun zastosowano tu do obliczenia potencjalnego (niebo bezchmurne) promieniowania dla obszaru Hornsundu (SW Spitsbergen). W opracowaniu uwzględniono efekty zacienienia, związane z urozmaiconą rzeźbą terenu, szczególnie istotne przy niskim położeniu słońca nad horyzontem. Wyniki zaprezentowano na mapach i zweryfikowano poprzez porównanie z danymi pomiarowymi. Walidacja modelu wykazała dużą zgodność między wielkościami estymowanymi za pomocą R.sun a zmierzonymi.

5

Badania termicznej utylizacji odwodnionych osadów ściekowych w procesie koksowania węgla

Wasielewski R., Sobolewski P., Kosewska M., Wróblewska K.

Archiwum Gospodarki Odpadami i Ochrony Środowiska

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2005

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Vol. 2

9-16

PL

Przeprowadzono badania procesu koksowania mieszanek węglowych z dodatkiem odwodnionego komunalnego osadu ściekowego oraz pyłu koksowego pochodzącego z instalacji suchego chłodzenia koksu. Przeanalizowano wpływ wielkości tych dodatków na wskaźniki jakościowe koksu CRI (reakcyjność wobec ditlenku węgla) i CSR (wytrzymałość poreakcyjna). Proces ten niekorzystnie wpływa na jakość koksu ze względu na dużą zawartość substancji mineralnej w osadach ściekowych. Stwierdzono, że akceptowalna ze względów technologicznych wielkość dodatku odwodnionych osadów ściekowych wynosi do 4%, po preparacji z pyłem koksowym.

EN

Investigations of coking process of coal mixtures with addition of both the dewatered sewage sludge and coke dust from dry cooling process were carried out. The influence of quantity of these additives on coke quality indices, the CRI (Coke Reactivity Index) and CSR (Coke Strength after Reaction), was analysed. This process decreases the quality of coke, because sewage sludge consist great amount of mineral matter. From the technological point of view an acceptable amount of the dewatered sewage sludge addition is up to 4% after preparation with the coke dust.

6

Spectral optical thickness and aerosol size distribution of air columns at Belsk in 1993-1998

Puchalski S., Sobolewski P.

Acta Geophysica Polonica

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2001

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Vol. 49, nr 2

261-270

EN

The spectral aerosol optical thicknesses (SAOT) of vertical air columns were measured by a ground-based four-channel Linke's sunradiometer at Belsk Geophysical Observatory during five years: 1993-1998. Results of measurements in the form of mean monthly values are presented. The aerosol size distribution retrieved from SAOT by means of the Randomized Minimization Search Technique algorithm and bi-modal log-normal size-distribution model is also demonstrated. The results of measurements confirm the well-known regularity that the average dependence of atmospheric extinction on wavelengths in visible range is described by exponential Angstrom's formula with exponent 1.3 š 0.6. Moreover, it is pointed out that in a few cases, in atmosphere column over Belsk Geophysical Observatory there dominated big particles, of 0.6-1.2 mim radii. However, in most cases, small, 0.15-0.30 mim particles dominated which had its impact on the average distribution during five years. It is estimated that in this period the average monthly values of the volume concentration, the mean modal radius, and the effective radius of the aerosol particles have been decreasing, but the particle number density bas increased. The "cleaning of the atmosphere" was observed, i.e., aerosol underwent transformation towards smaller particles and a decrease of particle volume concentration, proportional to the weight concentration.