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1

Concept and validation of a system for recording vibroacoustic signals of the knee joint

Karpiński Robert, Machrowska Anna, Maciejewski Marcin, Jonak Józef, Krakowski Przemysław

Informatyka, Automatyka, Pomiary w Gospodarce i Ochronie Środowiska

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2024

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T. 14, nr 2

17--21

EN

Cartilage degeneration is a serious health condition in modern society, leading to problems in mobility and significant reduction in the quality of life of patients of all ages. It is mainly caused by obesity, workload, sports or trauma to the joint. Proper diagnosis is crucial to implement appropriate treatment to stop the further degeneration of the tissue. Usually the assessment is performed by using magnetic resonance. This paper describes the design and application of an alternative measurement system for vibroartography of the knee joint. The use of such device allows for fast, safe, easy and cheap assessment of joint condition, which in turn can lead to proper treatment planning. Similar portable systems can be rapidly deployed and used by entry level medical staff in hospitals, clinics or at patient’s home. The system consists of an orthosis, set of three vibroacoustic sensors, encoder for reading knee position, microcontroller with galvanic barrier and battery power and a computer for data storage and processing. The system is light, simple and portable. Data is recorded in both closed and open kinematic chains. Results show over 90% diagnostic accuracy based on the data obtained in the process of testing this device. In the future, the system will be further miniaturized and completely placed on the orthosis, leading to more portability and diagnostic merit.

PL

Zwyrodnienie chrząstki jest poważnym schorzeniem współczesnego społeczeństwa, prowadzącym do problemów w poruszaniu się i znacznego obniżenia jakości życia pacjentów w każdym wieku. Jest to spowodowane głównie otyłością, obciążeniami, sportem lub urazami stawu. Właściwa diagnoza jest kluczowa dla wdrożenia odpowiedniego leczenia, które zapobiegnie dalszej degeneracji tkanki. Zwykle ocenę przeprowadza się za pomocą rezonansu magnetycznego. W artykule opisano konstrukcję i zastosowanie alternatywnego systemu pomiarowego do wibroartografii stawu kolanowego. Aplikacja takiego urządzenia pozwala na szybką, bezpieczną, łatwą i tanią ocenę stanu stawu, co z kolei może pomóc w zaplanowaniu odpowiedniego leczenia. Podobne systemy mobilne można szybko wdrożyć, ponieważ mogą być używane przez podstawowy personel medyczny w szpitalach, klinikach lub w domu pacjenta. System składa się z ortezy, zestawu trzech czujników wibroakustycznych, enkodera do odczytu pozycji stawu kolanowego, mikrokontrolera z barierą galwaniczną i zasilaniem bateryjnym oraz komputera do akwizycji, archiwizacji i przetwarzania danych. System jest lekki, prosty i przenośny. Dane są rejestrowane zarówno w zamkniętych, jak i otwartych łańcuchach kinematycznych. Wyniki wykazują ponad 90% trafności diagnostycznej na podstawie danych uzyskanych w procesie testowania tego urządzenia. W przyszłości system będzie jeszcze bardziej zminiaturyzowany i całkowicie umieszczony na ortezie, co zapewni większą przenośność i wartość diagnostyczną.

2

Application of Recurrence Quantification Analysis in the Detection of Osteoarthritis of the Knee with the Use of Vibroarthrography

Machrowska Anna, Karpiński Robert, Maciejewski Marcin, Jonak Józef, Krakowski Przemysław, Syta Arkadiusz

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

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2024

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Vol. 18, no 5

19--31

EN

Nowadays, the world is struggling with the problems of an aging society. With the increasing share of older people in the population, degenerative joint diseases are a growing problem. The result of progressive degenerative changes in joints is primarily the deterioration of the patients' quality of life and their gradual exclusion from activity and social life. The ability to effectively, non-invasively and quickly detect cases of chondromalacia of the knee joints is a challenge for modern medicine. The possibility of early detection of progressive degenerative changes allows for the appropriate selection of treatment protocols and significantly increases the chances of inhibiting the development of degenerative diseases of the musculoskeletal system. The article presents a non-invasive method for detecting degenerative changes in the knee joints based on recurrence analysis and classification using neural networks. The result of the analyzes was a classification accuracy of 91.07% in the case of MLP neural networks and 80.36% for RBF networks.

3

Comparison of selected classification methods based on machine learning as a diagnostic tool for knee joint cartilage damage based on generated vibroacoustic processes

Karpiński Robert, Krakowski Przemysław, Jonak Józef, Machrowska Anna, Maciejewski Marcin

Applied Computer Science

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2023

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Vol. 19, no 4

136--150

EN

Osteoarthritis is one of the most common cause of disability among elderly. It can affect every joint in human body, however, it is most prevalent in hip, knee, and hand joints. Early diagnosis of cartilage lesions is essential for fast and accurate treatment, which can prolong joint function. Available diagnostic methods include conventional X-ray, ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging. However, those diagnostic modalities are not suitable for screening purposes. Vibroarthrography is proposed in literature as a screening method for cartilage lesions. However, exact method of signal acquisition as well as classification method is still not well established in literature. In this study, 84 patients were assessed, of whom 40 were in the control group and 44 in the study group. Cartilage status in the study group was evaluated during surgical treatment. Multilayer perceptron - MLP, radial basis function - RBF, support vector method - SVM and naive classifier – NBC were introduced in this study as classification protocols. Highest accuracy (0.893) was found when MLP was introduced, also RBF classification showed high sensitivity (0.822) and specificity (0.821). On the other hand, NBC showed lowest diagnostic accuracy reaching 0.702. In conclusion vibroarthrography presents a promising diagnostic modality for cartilage evaluation in clinical setting with the use of MLP and RBF classification methods.

4

Experimental Verification of Standard Recommendations for Estimating the Load-carrying Capacity of Undercut Anchors in Rock Material

Jonak Józef, Karpiński Robert, Siegmund Michał, Machrowska Anna, Prostański Dariusz

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

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2021

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Vol. 15, no 1

230--244

EN

The recommendations put forward in the International Standards for anchorage in concrete concerning the assessment of the load-carrying capacity of anchors (the pull-out force) embedded in natural rock material were verified. Regarding the predicted extent of surface failure we have shown, in earlier studies, substantial discrepancies between the strength test results for anchorages in the rock mass and the established standard recommendations for anchorages in concrete. As regards the industrial practice and the goals of the reported project, simplified calculation procedures that will facilitate the selection of optimal configurations for the layout of anchor holes, while being computationally effective and applicable under the industry-specific conditions are sought.

5

Numerical prediction of component-ratio-dependent compressive strength of bone cement

Machrowska Anna, Karpiński Robert, Jonak Józef, Szabelski Jakub, Krakowski Przemysław

Applied Computer Science

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2020

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Vol. 16, no 3

87--101

EN

Changes in the compression strength of the PMMA bone cement with a variable powder/liquid component mix ratio were investigated. The strength test data served to develop basic mathematical models and an artificial neural network was employed for strength predictions. The empirical and numerical results were compared to determine modelling errors and assess the effectiveness of the proposed methods and models. The advantages and disadvantages of mathematical modelling are discussed.

6

Diagnostic factors for opened and closed kinematic chain of vibroarthrography signals

Machrowska Anna, Karpiński Robert, Krakowski Przemysław, Jonak Józef

Applied Computer Science

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2019

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Vol. 15, no 3

34--44

EN

The paper presents results of preliminary research of vibroarthrography signals recorded from one healthy volunteer. The tests were carried out for the open and closed kinematic chain in the range of motion 90° – 0° – 90°. Analysis included initial signal filtration using the EMD algorithm. The aim was to investigate the occurrence of differences in the values of selected energy and statistical parameters for the cases studied.

7

Application of acoustic signal processing methods in detecting differences between open and closed kinematic chain movement for the knee joint

Karpiński Robert, Machrowska Anna, Maciejewski Marcin

Applied Computer Science

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2019

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Vol. 15, no 1

36--48

EN

The paper presents results of preliminary research of analysis of signals recorded for open and closed kinematic chain in one volunteer with chondromalacia in both knees. The preliminary research was conducted in order to establish the accuracy of the proposed method and will be used for formulating further research areas. The aim of the paper is to show how FFT, recurrence plots and recurrence quantification analysis (RQA) can help in bioacoustic signals analysis.