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2 Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

2 2023

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Mechanical and tribological properties of epoxy composites reinforced with food-waste fillers

Joszko K., Gzik-Zroska B., Gzik M., Wolański W., Ošlejšek M., Jureczko M., Mrówka M.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

2023

Vol. 120, nr 2

49--58

Purpose One of the assumptions of the zero-waste economy is to reduce the amount of industrial waste produced, process it, and recover it without burning or burying it. Citrus peels are among the food wastes that are difficult to recycle. Due to the long time of decomposition and the waxes and fats in their structure, the shells rarely end up in composters and, consequently, are not included in natural fertilisers. The assumptions fit into the research described in the article. Design/methodology/approach The authors investigated the possibility of using ground peels of citrus fruits: grapefruit, key lime, lemon and orange as fillers in composite materials in which the role of the matrix was played by epoxy resin. Composite materials with 2.5, 5 and 10% filler content were prepared. The materials were tested using the tensile, hardness, and abrasive tests using the pin-on-disc method. Findings The research was to answer whether adding citrus waste can change the physicochemical properties of composite materials based on epoxy resin and native resin. Particular attention was paid to the properties that are important from the point of view of engineering applications: mechanical properties and tribological properties. Practical implications In the face of challenges related to the growing amount of waste from the food industry, joint materials engineering tries to answer whether this waste can be used in the production of composite materials. In several publications from recent years, it has been postulated that used food industry products can be used as fillers for composite materials, as they can, on the one hand, improve specific physicochemical properties of new materials and manage food waste. Originality/value The tests proved that composite materials with grapefruit and key lime as a filler were characterized by the best tribological properties, mechanical properties, and hardness, which were unchanged or better than the epoxy resin used as a matrix.

Effects of spices-waste filler on the physical properties of silicone-based composites

Joszko K., Jureczko M., Ošlejšek M., Gzik-Zroska Β., Gzik M., Mrówka M.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

2023

Vol. 121, nr 1

60--68

Purpose The study aimed to examine the effect of using spices as fillers on the mechanical and physical properties of composite materials in which silicone plays the role of a filler. Design/methodology/approach Composite materials based on silicone were obtained by gravity casting, in which spices (garlic, paprika, pepper, and turmeric) with a mass content of 2.5, 5 and 10% of the filler. The obtained materials have been subjected to tensile test, density, hardness, and abrasion resistance. Findings The research was to answer whether adding spices can change the physicochemical properties of composite materials based on silicone and native silicone. Particular attention was paid to the properties that are important from the point of view of engineering applications: mechanical properties, tribological properties, hardness, and density. Practical implications In the face of challenges related to the growing amount of waste from the food industry, joint materials engineering tries to answer whether this waste can be used in the production of composite materials. In several publications from recent years, it has been postulated that used food industry products can be used as fillers for composite materials, as they can, on the one hand, improve specific physicochemical properties of new materials and manage food waste. Originality/value So far, few scientific articles discuss using food industry products as fillers in polymeric composites. Such articles usually focus on the use of natural plant or animal fibres. Adding spices from 2.5 to 10% by mass increases the abrasion resistance compared to silicone without adding filler. The most significant decrease in abrasion resistance was recorded for 2.5 GA and 2.5 TU. A decrease in abrasive wear by over 40% was noted here relative to neat silicone.