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2 Civil and Environmental Engineering Reports

2 2019

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Some geotechnical properties of pure and waste gypsum for geoelectrical grounding applications

Mohd Tadza Mohd Yuhyi, Mazelan Nurmazuria, Yusri Nur Farahana, Abdullah Amizatulhani

Civil and Environmental Engineering Reports

2019

Vol. 29, no. 3

97--106

Natural occurring gypsum is a soft mineral consists of hydrated calcium sulphate, mainly used in cement industry. On the other hand, red gypsum (RG) is a waste generated from a sulphate process of ilmenite ore to acquire titanium dioxide. Due to the gypsum content in both materials are similar, it is expected that both gypsum type can be used for similar engineering applications. In this study, RG was tested and compared to pure gypsum for geoelectrical grounding applications. The geotechnical properties and plasticity characteristics were carefully measured and tested. In addition, X-ray fluorescence (XRF) was employed to study the chemical constituents of the materials. Test results showed that, the geotechnical properties of RG is different to that of white gypsum. The plasticity index (PI) of RG was 239.6% greater due to the presence of Fe ions. Surprisingly, the electrical resistivity of both material were found to be similar. It was also noted that, although the plasticity of pure gypsum is high, the plasticity of pure gypsum was found to be short lived primarily due to instantaneous exothermic reaction between water and semihydrated gypsum. The change in the plasticity also affected the resistivity as gypsum hardened after short duration. Based on the geotechnical and plasticity characteristics determined, RG was found to be a better as grounding material as compared to gypsum.

Investigation on electrically conductive aggregates as grounding compound produced by Marconite

Mohd Tadza Mohd Yuhyi, Tengku Anuar Tengku Hafidatul Husna, Mat Yahaya Fadzil

Civil and Environmental Engineering Reports

2019

Vol. 29, no. 3

86--96

Marconite is often used as alternative material to improve the performance of earth grounding system. This study aims to investigate of the physical and mechanical behaviour of conductive aggregate derived from Marconite namely, the electrical resistivity, water absorption, and crushing strength. In addition, similar tests were also conducted on mortar aggregate for comparison. The resistivity of aggregates were measured using soil box method. Test results showed that the electrical resistivity, water absorption, and crushing strength of both aggregates varied with time. These values were found to be stabilised after approximately after 14 days. The electrical resistivity for aggregates containing Marconite were found to be 39.2 Ω.m, far lower than 12700 Ω.m obtained for mortar-based aggregates. Similarly, the water absorption for Marconite aggregates were greater compared to mortar aggregates. On the other hand, the crushing strength for Marconite aggregates was to be lower. Incorporating Marconite significantly improved the electrical resistivity behaviour while maintaining acceptable mechanical properties crucial for electrical grounding purposes.