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2 Journal of Ecological Engineering

2 2023

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Formation of the Yield of Matricaria recutita and Indicators of Food Value of Sychorium intybus by Technological Methods of Co-Cultivation in the Interrows of an Orchard

Bakhmat Mykola, Padalko Tatiana, Krachan Tatiana, Tkach Oleg, Pantsyreva Hanna, Tkach Liliya

Journal of Ecological Engineering

2023

Vol. 24, nr 8

250--259

This study was aimed at theoretical generalizations and experimental results of research on the influence of the combined cultivation of medicinal plants wild chamomile (Matricaria recutita L.) and root chicory (Sychorium intybus L.) in the rows of gardens, which actualizes the issue of increasing productivity in industrial orchards. Therefore, the authors strove to increase the efficiency of growing research crops using fruit plantations, thereby ensuring a shortened payback period for capital investments spent on their creation. The conducted scientific studies have shown that the effect of aster yield on the content of bioactive substances in medicinal plant raw materials depends on the type of soil and climatic conditions of the studied territory, the cultivar, the sowing period, the genetic characteristics of the seeds, and the sowing conditions, etc. The purpose of the conducted research was to determine the patterns of crop formation of the presented medicinal plants in the inter-row orchard according to the elements of agricultural techniques of cultivation under the agroecological conditions of the Right Bank Forest Steppe of Ukraine. As a result of the conducted research, the expediency of cultivating existing plants on the area of the allotted plot was confirmed. The optimal timing of autumn sowing for cultivar ‘Perlyna Lisostepu’ with a seeding rate of 6 kg/ha and a yield of dry mass of inflorescences of 1.81 t•ha−1 was studied. The main indicators of the seedless method of planting chicory root crops of the second year for wintering in the open ground were established, while 35–40 t•ha−1 of high-quality root crops were obtained. Using the methods of qualitative and quantitative analysis, the raw materials of chamomile medicinal cultivars ‘Perlyna Lisostepu’ and ‘Bodegold’ were investigated for the content of flavonoids, chamazulene and its derivatives, as one of the important indicators of the quality of the essential oil, as well as the component composition of the root chicory cultivars ‘Umansky-99’ and ‘Umansky-97’, in relation to the quantitative ratio hydroxycinnamic acids and flavonoids in a 1:1 infusion. Accumulation of inulin continued throughout the growing season of root chicory, reaching the optimal content at the beginning of technical ripeness, and the highest rate was 11.5–17.51% in the sub-winter sowing period.

Efficiency of the Use of Lawn Grasses for Biology and Soil Conservation of Agricultural Systems under the Conditions of the Ukraine's Podillia

Pantsyreva Hanna, Vovk Valeriia, Bronnicova Lina, Zabarna Tetiana

Journal of Ecological Engineering

2023

Vol. 24, nr 11

249--256

The aim of this study was to scientifically substantiate the peculiarities of the formation of lawn cultural phytocenoses of the Podillia zone of Ukraine based on the analysis of the qualitative state of the existing grass stand. The conducted research is devoted to biodiversity, namely soil conservation, as well as modern trends in the development of adaptive technologies for growing lawn grasses, which are based on a number of basic directions, taking into account both the features of innovative changes and the technological renewal of mechanization tools, and the main trends in the development of green farming aimed at ensuring the environmental friendliness of the products obtained, soil conservation while ensuring the appropriate levels economic and energy efficiency. The use of lawn grasses as an integral aesthetic decorative element of landscape design is at the same time an ecological and remedial factor of influence on the surrounding natural environment, which is quite widely used in Ukraine and the world. Dense lawn coverings trap dust, increase air humidity, improve the microclimate of the environment due to the phytoncides released by them, thereby improving the air, preventing erosion and improving the agrophysical properties of the soil. Determination of agrophysical soil parameters of total porosity, capillary porosity and aeration porosity was carried out. It was established that the highest quality lawns form a grass stand with a density of more than 120 vegetative shoots per 1 dm-2. The use of all types of plants contributed to the general growth of both the general sparability, including its subcategories, and the sparability of aeration. At the same time, the specified feature of the formation of spar was noted for gray forest soils under the conditions of the experimental field. This ultimately contributed to a decrease in soil density.