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EN
Sediments of the Dudziniec Formation (Lower Jurassic – Aalenian) outcropping in the Kościeliska Valley (autochthonous unit of the High-Tatric series) are represented by a range of mixed carbonate-clastic deposits. Seven lithofacies have been distinguished based on lithology, sedimentary structures, colour and composition of intra- and extraclasts, with sandstones and crinoidal limestones as end members of a continuous spectrum of facies. The study area represents a shallower part of the sedimentary basin located in the vicinity of source areas, as compared to the Chochołowska Valley region located in the west. Facies characteristics and distribution were controlled mainly by synsedimentary tectonic activity, with sandy varieties representing periods of faulting with enhanced influx of extraclasts, and with crinoidal limestones corresponding to intervals of relative tectonic stability. Such influence of synsedimentary tectonics on the deposition in the Early Jurassic strongly resembles the Middle Jurassic development in the High-Tatric area. Neptunian dykes cutting the Dudziniec Formation, and most probably filled by Lower Jurassic sediments, are yet another indication of tectonic instability of the area in the Early Jurassic.
EN
In Poland and Russia, sharing the Vistula Lagoon, there are strong tendencies toward developing tourism, on the local and national scale. Socio-economic development of the Vistula Lagoon subregion can benefit from the ongoing process of improving infrastructure of ports and harbours. The aim of the paper is to analyse transport accessibility of ports and harbours of the Lagoon. Potential partially to replace land transport by ships is investigated. Travel times by land and waterways between ports and harbours of the Vistula Lagoon within national borders and the entire Lagoon basin are compared. On average, water transport requires more time – up to four hours, than land transport – up to three hours. However, advantages of water transport in travels from inner ports, like Frombork, Mamonovo, Nowa Pasłęka, and Ushakovo, to ports on the Vistula Spit are obvious. Due to shorter travel distances, water travel in the Polish part of the Vistula Lagoon is less time-consuming than in the Russian part.
PL
W Polsce i Rosji, współgospodarujących na Zalewie Wiślanym, istnieją silne tendencje rozwoju turystyki w skali lokalnej i krajowej. Rozwój społeczno-gospodarczy subregionu Zalewu Wiślanego może skorzystać z trwającego tam procesu poprawy infrastruktury portów i przystani. Celem pracy jest analiza transportowej dostępności portów i przystani Zalewu Wiślanego lądem i wodą oraz zbadanie potencjalnych możliwości częściowego zastąpienia transportu lądowego przez transport wodny. Dokonano oceny czasu podróży lądem i wodą między portami i przystaniami Zalewu Wiślanego – między portami krajowymi, a także między portami różnych krajów. Średnio biorąc, korzystanie z transportu wodnego wymaga nieco więcej czasu w całym regionie, do 4 godzin, niż w przypadku podróży samochodem, do 3 godzin. Przewaga transportu wodnego jest bezsporna w podróży z portów na wewnętrznym brzegu Zalewu jak Frombork, Mamonowo, Nowa Pasłęka, Uszakowo do portów położonych na Mierzei Wiślanej. Ze względu na mniejsze odległości drogą wodną żegluga w polskiej części Zalewu jest bardziej korzystna niż po stronie rosyjskiej.
EN
The paper presents methodology for determination of areas suitable for high power offshore wind farms in the Polish Exclusive Economic Zone of the Baltic Sea. Possible conflicts between different sea users and ways of their minimization are considered, especially in the aspect of navigation.
EN
This paper gives a general overview of Polish experience and achievements with regard to hydrodynamic modelling in the Polish zone of the Baltic Sea. The first work started already at the end of the sixties when the first 1D and 2D hydrodynamic models were set up. With the development of numerical methods and increasing computational power a number of 1D, 2D and 3D models were set up and tested. Global, regional and local models cover the most important water bodies, i.e. the Pomeranian Bay - Szczecin Lagoon and Gulf of Gdansk - Vistula Lagoon systems.
EN
Several concepts of the stand designed for experiments carried out on linear magneto-rheological (MR) dampers are introduced in the paper. The stand is constructed under assumption that analysis of vibroisolated object motion is limited to the plane motion. There have been analysed variety of the stand designs. Their common feature was the ability to achieve two independent kinematic excitations, that have the form of vibrations transmitted through the investigated controlled vibroisolators to the container filled with medium. Advantages and disadvantages of the particular designs are considered in relation to the given entrance assumptions and project limitations. The last complex solution was done as a reasonable selection taking into consideration the quality coefficients of undertaken tasks that mainly refer to data acquisition and control. There have been given elements of mechanical system dynamics analysis that form a database for estimation of parametric sensitivity of the whole system: investigated object supported on vibroisolators - system of shakers - instrumentation.
EN
Water level 48-hour forecast data for the Pomeranian Bay, obtained from the operational model "HIROMB", have been compared with the coastal water level records. The gauges of Mrzeżyno, Dziwnów, Koserów and Sassnitz as well as 0-24 hours and 24-48 hours forecast for the appropriate grid nodes have been analysed. An overview of different statistical criteria has been done. The statistical analysis has shown a satisfactory agreement between the forecast and observed data. However, the problem of the common reference level for the all gauges remains still unsolved.
EN
The paper presents results of comparison of the numerical weather forecast data from two models (UMPL - ICM, Warsaw University and HIRLAM - SMHI Norrköping) with the measurements made in 2000 and 2001 at the open sea near the Hel Peninsula from the automatic buoy MIG-1. The agreement of both models with the experimental data is quite good.
EN
In the paper the system of digital marine forecast, covering the Polish area of the Baltic Sea, developed in the Department of Operational Oceanography, Maritime Institute, for the needs of rescue services and marine administration, is described. The present system uses data from different Polish and foreign operational centres, and generates its own forecast, as it is in the case of wind waves or object drift. The combined forecast is processed into the formats demanded by the services and is available also in Internet at Department 's web site.
EN
The HIROMB model for the Baltic Sea hydrodynamic forecast, at present being run preoperationally in SMHI, covers completely the Polish exclusive economic zone of the sea. The measuring campaign POLRODEX '96 was organised and coordinated by the Maritime Institute especially for calibration and verification of numerical models in summer 1996 in the Gulf of Gdansk Five Polish and one Swedish institution were involved in the campaign. After the experiment, which resulted in many valuable materials, it was decided to continue such campaigns every year. In 1997, also in the Gulf of Gdansk, a new experiment POLRODEX '97 was organised, in which thirteen institutions from Poland, Russia and Sweden participated. A list of the data, collected during the POLRODEX '97, is provided.
EN
Proper description of thermo-hydrodynamic processes in seas is important for scientific and for many practical purposes. Among mathematical models, deterministic models, basing on the set of conservation equations, and calculating the response of the modelled system on the external forcing, are now being most intensively used by researchers. Reliable forecast of thermo-hydrodynamic processes is one of the most important applications of the geophysical fluid dynamics. In this paper, we concentrate on problems of validation of the particular deterministic operational model for the Baltic Sea, the HIROMB model. Possibilities of observations and measurements useful for the model validation in the Polish zone of the Baltic Sea are discussed.
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