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The main challenges and barriers to the successful “smart shipping”

Alop A.

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

2019

Vol. 13, no. 3

521--528

As with the powerful digitalization of the world in the 21st century, maritime affairs, like all other areas, are facing not only new opportunities, but also new big challenges and problems. From the point of view of the development of new technologies, it seems that everything is possible, for example the bringing of so-called "intelligent ships" and “smart ports” into one global system on base of internet of things and big data applications. However, if to look at the matter further, a number of factors and obstacles may appear which could be major threats to the normal functioning of such a system. While it is clear that systems with such high degree of complexity are even technically vulnerable, it seems to the author of this paper that questions that are no less difficult are in the field of human relations. For example, when ships and ports are becoming more and more "smarter" and need less and less people to intervene in their interactions, who at the end will be responsible for everything that can and definitely will happened at sea or in the port? What about liability of cargo carrier if “carrier” is an autonomous ship without any person on-board during the entire journey? How to ensure cyber security? How to be secured against the risks of so-called artificial intelligence systemic errors? It is possible that only new non-trivial approaches can lead to acceptable results in this area, but what they may be and whether these approaches are possible at all - these questions are still waiting for answers.

Needs and Importance of Master Studies for Navigators in XXI Century and Connectivity to STCW 78/95

Alop A.

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

2012

Vol. 6, no. 2

243--247

The high-level technology and equipment of modern ships from one side and the constant growth of high stress and psychological pressure to ship officers, especially on management level, from other side pose a number of important questions relating to optimal combination of professional knowledge and skills and personal characteristics of seafarers. What may be the best combination of different subjects and courses in training programmes? What may be the role and place of master studies in evolving of high quali-fied specialists from one side and strong and self-confident personality from other side? What should be the most important difference of master study programmes for ship officers from those for land-based personal? The author of this presentation tries to discuss these questions relying to his long-time experience in field of maritime education and training and in organisation and carrying out of master studies in maritime academy.