In this work the microstructure analysis of composite from ZrO2 – Ti system were presented. For the preparation of the composite samples nanometric ZrO2 powder stabilized by 3 mol% of Y2O3 and micrometric titanium powder were used. The composites with 10 vol.% addition of titanium particles were prepared by slip casting method. The sintering process was conducted at 1450°C with 2 hours’ dwell time, in the inert atmosphere of argon. The microstructure observations were carried out with the use of SEM and STEM microscopes. The quantitative analysis and stereological characterization were performed. The SEM and STEM observations allowed characterizing the microstructure of composite samples. Especially, the interface between titanium particles and zirconia matrix was described. The growth of the zirconia grains around the Ti rich areas was observed. The increase of the zirconia grains size results from the reaction on the interface between titanium particle and zirconia matrix during the sintering process.
Slip casting is one of the most popular shaping method in ceramic technology which allows producing a large number of elements in small period of time. This shaping technique gives a possibility to fabricate ceramic or composite materials such as ZrO2-Ti. Ti with its properties (low density, high melting point, high-temperature strength, good corrosion resistance and others) combine with ZrO2 (high flexure strength, high compression resistance and very high KIC) can be considered for different applications as constructional and functional materials. For the preparation of such composite nanometric zirconium oxide powder stabilized by 3 mol% Y2O3 and micrometric titanium powder were used. Water-based slurries with 35, 40, 45 and 50 vol.% solid phase content were prepared with 3, 10 and 15 vol.% addition of titanium powder. Zeta potential and pH of prepared slurries were considered. The pH changes were tested as a function of Ti content. The viscosity of the prepared slurries was measured. The sedimentation tests for selected slurries were performed. The casting rate for slurry of 35% solid phase with 10 vol.% Ti was examined. These measurements showed good stability of slurries. With the increasing of the solid phase concentration the density of the green bodies increased. However, the increase of the content of Ti powder reduced the density of green body samples. For selected samples the SEM observations was carried out. Composites produced by slip casting were characterized by a homogenous distribution of Ti particles in the ZrO2 matrix.
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The adventages of the brushless DC motors in comparison to conventional ones and the disadvantages of rotational position sensors are shown. Short view on the condition of the knowledge in a problem of sensorless, brushless DC motors is presented. The own design of the system for sensorless, brushless DC motors is proposed.
PL
Pokazano zalety bezszczotkowego silnika prądu stałego w porównaniu z silnikiem konwencjonalnym, a także wady wirujących czujników położenia. Przedstawiono krótki przegląd stanu wiedzy na temat bezczujnikowych, bezszczotkowych silników prądu stałego. Zaproponowano własne rozwiązanie elektronicznego układu sterowania takiego silnika.
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The advantages of the brushless DC motor in comparison with the conventional one and the disadvantages of rotational position sensors are shown. Short view on the state of knowledge about the problem of sensorless, brushless DC motors is presented. The own design of the electronic system for these motors is proposed.
PL
Pokazano zalety bezszczotkowego silnika prądu stałego w porównaniu z silnikiem konwencjonalnym a także wady wirujących czujników położenia. Przedstawiono krótki przegląd stanu wiedzy na temat bezczujnikowych, bezszczotkowych silników prądu stałego. Zaproponowano własne rozwiązanie elektronicznego układu sterowania takiego silnika.
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