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The Occurrence of Fog at Meteorological Stations Located on the Airport in Poland in the Years 2005-2015

Skomorowski A., Piotrowski P.

Przegląd Geofizyczny

2018

Z. 4

315--327

Evaluating synoptic conditions and the incidence of fog cases as well as number of days with fog across a large spatial spectrum such as atmospheric circulation and comparing results to local scale analyzes will help to accurately identify conditions conductive to formation of fogs on the territory of Poland. The aim of the study is to analyze the time of fog formation during the day, fog duration, and the extent of limitation of the horizontal visibility. Data coded in METAR (Meteorological Aerodrome Report) messages was used to perform the analysis of synoptic from 8 stations located at the largest airports in Poland. In the analysis, the main criterion was the number of cases when horizontal visibility limited below 1 km – number of fogs. Results show that there is a clear, seasonal pattern of fog frequency for all stations in this study. For a majority of stations, the minimum number of fogs occurred during the summer months and the maximum number of fogs was observed in October and November. The probability of fogs in the cold half of the year, during the anticyclonic circulation, is slightly higher than during cyclonic circulation and is connected with meridional air advection. In the warm half of the year the probability of fogs during cyclonic circulation increases. Fog duration in most cases did not exceed 3 hours for all stations. At the stations analyzed, fog most often limits the horizontal visibility to 500 m, but there are seasonal differences in the frequency for separated ranges of horizontal visibility.