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1

Self-catalysed hydrogenation of heavy oil and coal mixtures

Li Suan, Sun Zhenguang, Liu Qi, Ye Hang, Wang Kunpeng

Polish Journal of Chemical Technology

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2023

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Vol. 25, nr 2

8--14

EN

Coal liquefaction and heavy oil processing have become the urgent need for national energy strategic technology reserves in China. However, the inactivation of solid catalysts in these processes is an inevitable problem. Therefore,a self-catalysed method was proposed. The properties of raw oil could be changed by adding a modifier, as it has the function of self-catalysis, and the additional catalyst is no longer needed. The effect of 200 ppm modifier onthe hydrogenation of heavy oil and 500 ppm on the hydrogenation of coal and oil were investigated. The results showed that modifiers could be miscible with heavy oil at 50~100 °C and could change the properties of oil. When the temperature exceeded 250 °C, the sulfur element in the heavy oil combined with the metal element broughtin by the modifier to form a particle with the size of 2–8 nm, which could interact with the hydrogen molecule toactivate the hydrogen molecule. Activated hydrogen atoms further formed the complexes with nickel, vanadium,calcium, iron, and other elements in heavy oil to achieve the purpose of purifying and lightening the oil phase.Therefore, the self-catalysed method could be widely used in oil re fining and would greatly promote the development of the oil refining and catalysis industry.

2

Study of a Compton backscattering wall defects detection device using the Monte Carlo method

Qin Xuan, Yang Jianbo, Du Zhengcong, Xu Jie, Li Rui, Li Hui, Liu Qi

Nukleonika

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2023

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Vol. 68, No. 2

57--63

EN

In view of the shortcomings of traditional wall defect detection methods, such as small detection range, poor accuracy, non-portable device, and so on, a wall defects detection device based on Compton backscattering technology is designed by Monte Carlo method, which is mainly used to detect the size and location information of defects in concrete walls. It mainly consists of two parts, the source container and the detection system: first, through the simulation and analysis of the parameters such as the receiving angle of thebackscattered particles and the rear collimating material of the detector, the influence of the fluorescent X-ray peak of the detector collimating material on the backscattered particle counts is eliminated and the detected error is reduced; second, the ring array detector design, compared with single array detector and surface array detector, can facilitate real-time detection of defect orientation, expanding the single scan range and improving the detection efficiency. After simulation and comparative analysis, the relevant optimal parameters are obtained: the object is detected using a Cs-137 γ-ray source with an activity of 6 mCi, and a ring detector consisting of four 0.5-inch cube-shaped CsI scintillator detectors is placed at 150° to receive the backscattered photons. The simulation analysis using the Monte Carlo FLUKA program showed that the maximum depth of wall defect detection is 8 cm, the maximum error fl uctuation range of defect depth and thickness is ±1 cm, the overall device weight is <20 kg, and the measurement time is <5 min.

3

Investigation of the co-processing technology of crude oil and coal and its deployment

Li Suan, Liu Qi, Deng Qingyu, Ye Hang, Zhou Xuejie, Qiao Aijun

Polish Journal of Chemical Technology

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2022

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Vol. 24, nr 4

39--50

EN

The effect of process conditions on the co-processing technology of crude oil and coal was investigated. Crude oil/coal matching performance, swelling degree, crude oil/coal slurry viscosity-temperature characteristics and process parameters were obtained via the laboratory scale and pilot scale studies. The optimum reaction temperature of the co-processing was 445~450 °C, the pressure was 19 MPa, the catalyst addition was 3 wt.%, the reaction time was 2 h, and the ratio of hydrogen to crude oil was 1500 (V/V). Furthermore, the co-processing technology including catalyst and corresponding equipment based on the slurry bed hydrogenation were developed. By using this co-processing technology, the feed ratio of crude oil and coal can be 1:1, the coal conversion rate can be over 99%, the light oil (oil and aromatics) yield was over 70%, and the end products were gasoline, diesel, jet fuel, aromatics and LPG. The product quality meets the Euro V standard, whilst aromatics accounted for 48% of the light oil. So it was proved to be feasible to co-refine crude oil and coal at a ratio of 1:1. What’s more, the slurry bed hydrogenation plant and its equipment were tested for long-term operation, and it has been proved that this co-processing technology could be deployed as large-scale industrial application.

4

Influence of montmorillonite hydration and delamination on coal flotation

Zhang Lucheng, Zhang Mingqing, Liu Qi, Song Shuoshuo, Tian Yu, Barvora Joshua Bosco

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

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2022

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Vol. 58, iss. 6

art. no. 153085

EN

In this study, the influence of montmorillonite (MT) hydration and delamination on coal flotation was investigated through flotation tests using coal-MT mixtures. MT particles were subjected to hydration at different time intervals. The Fuerstenau upgrading curve was plotted to evaluate the change in overall flotation selectivity. The zeta potential and particle size distribution were used to characterize the delamination behavior of MT in deionized water at natural pH level. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) (colloidal probe) was used to analyze the interaction force between coal and MT particles. It was found that smaller particles (individual silicate layers or thin packets of layers) with higher zeta potentials appeared gradually, and their volume proportion increased with increasing hydration time. AFM results showed that a monotonous repulsive force was detected consistently throughout the separation distance between coal and these emerging smaller MT particles. The decrease of these MT coating on coal surface was responsible for the higher flotation recovery and better selectivity. A jump-into-contact phenomenon was observed in coal and MT interaction when MT hydrated incompletely. It showed that heterocoagulation between coal and MT occurred and MT coating on the coal surface was responsible for the depression of flotation.

5

Some aspects of generalized Zbăganu and James constant in Banach spaces

Liu Qi, Sarfraz Muhammad, Li Yongjin

Demonstratio Mathematica

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2021

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Vol. 54, nr 1

299--310

EN

We shall introduce a new geometric constant CZ(λ, μ, X) based on a generalization of the parallelogram law, which was proposed by Moslehian and Rassias. First, it is shown that, for a Banach space, CZ(λ, μ, X) is equal to 1 if and only if the norm is induced by an inner product. Next, a characterization of uniformly non-square is given, that is, X has the fixed point property. Also, a sufficient condition which implies weak normal structure is presented. Moreover, a generalized James constant J(λ, X) is also introduced. Finally, some basic properties of this new coefficient are presented.

6

Adsorption of lanthanum(III) and yttrium(III) on kaolinite: kinetics and adsorption isotherms

Zhou Fang, Feng Jian, Xie Xiong, Wu Baihong, Liu Qi, Wu Xiaoyan, Chi Ruan

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

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2019

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Vol. 55, iss. 4

928--939

EN

Experimental investigations were carried out using kaolinite to adsorb two rare earth ions, lanthanum ion (La3+) and yttrium ion (Y3+), which will provide some useful information and new insights on the mineralization process and fractionation phenomenon of weathered crust elution-deposited rare earth ores. The results showed that the equilibrium adsorption capacity of Y3+ is greater than La3+ under the same experimental conditions. The adsorption of rare earth ions presents strongly temperature dependent indicating an endothermic adsorption process. The pseudo-first-order kinetic model and the pseudo-second-order kinetic model were applied to discuss the adsorption kinetics. It was found that the adsorption rate of rare earth follows the pseudo-second-order kinetic model among the adsorption temperature range. Furthermore, the adsorption process of rare earth ions on kaolinite followed the Langmuir isotherm model confirmed by the correlation of experimental equilibrium data to standard isotherm model, Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. The activation energies for the adsorption of La3+ and Y3+ on kaolinite are 28.1903 kJ/mol and 25.4190 kJ/mol, respectively. All kaolinite before and after adsorption were characterized by XRD and SEM-EDX to understand the adsorption mechanism. The obtained results suggested that the adsorption of La3+ and Y3+ on kaolinite is an endothermic and chemisorption process.

7

Effect of ultrasonic impact treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of diffusion-bonded TC11 alloy joints

Yang Zhenwen, Liu Qi, Wang Jiahui, Ma Zongqing, Wang Ying, Wang Dongpo

Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering

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2019

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Vol. 19, no. 4

1431--1441

EN

To derive the higher mechanical properties of diffusion-bonded joints at a low bonding temperature, ultrasonic impact treatment (UIT) was used to increase the dislocations and refine the microstructure of faying surfaces prior to diffusion bonding. The results show that a deformation layer with a thickness of 30 mm formed near the impacted TC11 alloy surface, with many dislocation tangles, substructures, and dislocation cells in this layer. Diffusion bonding experiments were performed for both original samples and UIT samples. For the original TC11 alloy, the average shear strength of the diffusion-bonded joints increased with an increase in the bonding temperature, and the joint strength was 550 MPa for joints bonded at 820 8C for 30 min under a pressure of 10 MPa. However, the average shear strength of the TC11 alloy joints with UIT reached 560 MPa for the joint that was diffusion-bonded at 780 8C, whereas it was only 370 MPa for the joint without UIT. Therefore, UIT of the alloy surface resulted in a joint with a high strength at a relatively low bonding temperature, which may be beneficial to inhibit the grain growth caused by the high temperature bonding process.