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Geological and geomorphologic conditions and traces of prehistoric and historic human settlements in the vicinity of Ulów (Roztocze region, southeastern Poland)

Rodzik J., Niezabitowska-Wiśniewska B., Nitychoruk J., Budziszewski J., Jakubczak M.

Studia Quaternaria

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2017

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Vol. 34, Nr 2

83--97

EN

The paper presents determinants of location of the multicultural complex of archaeological sites in the vicinity of Ulów, in the Central Roztocze upland region in south-eastern Poland. Archaeological research revealed that in the area assumed to be devoid of settlements, the settlements of prehistoric and historical communities functioned from the Palaeolithic to modern times. The region was also subjected to environmental examination. Location of sites was analysed, taking into account a convenience of communication in a regional scale and local environmental conditions. Analysis of hydrogeological, geomorphological and soil conditions was carried out, taking into account water supply, communication and the farming development. In-depth analysis included micromorphological DTM (Digital Terrain Model) and geological and soil probing. The area was found to be located on the crossing of prehistoric communication routes the course of which depended on the variability of the physiographic parameters of regions. The functioning of new cultures in the same place resulted from specific local conditions such as: easily arable soils, favourable microclimate, and particularly access to water. The presence of a source of water in a plateau area is determined tectonically (strike-slip fault), lithologically (impermeable marl horizon), and geomorphologically (dissection of the aquifer by an erosion-denudation valley).

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Abiotic environmental conditions of former settlement in the vicinity of Ulów in Roztocze (SE Poland)

Rodzik J., Nitychoruk J.

Folia Quaternaria

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2017

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nr 85

65--79

EN

The paper presents the environmental conditions of the location of a multicultural settlement functioning from the Palaeolithic to the modern times in an area of an alleged settlement void. The location of the settlement was evaluated in terms of transport and communication possibilities at the regional scale and local environmental conditions. Field research was conducted, as well as the analysis of the hydrogeological and geomorphological conditions in the context of water supply and soil conditions for the development of agriculture. The detailed analysis applied an ALS (Airbone Laser Scanning) image and geological-soil coring. The study area is located on the crossing of prehistoric transport routes the course of which depends on the variability of the natural environment at the regional scale. At the local scale, settlement was favoured by abiotic parameters of the natural environment: easily arable soils, beneficial microclimate, and hydrogeological conditions providing for the presence of water in the plateau area.

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Types of gullies and conditions of their development in silvicultural loess catchment (Szczebrzeszyn Roztocze region, SE Poland)

Dobek K., Demczuk P., Rodzik J., Hołub B.

Landform Analysis

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2011

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Vol. 17

39-42

EN

The aim of this paper is to present a characteristic of loess permanent gullies, which form the branched erosion system, with the total length of almost 7.8 km, dissecting an erosion-denudation dry valley. Only 20%of the gully system catchment is cultivated as the result of steep slopes and considerable height differences up to 100 m. 80%of the catchment is covered by fir coniferous forest and Carpathian beech forest, and gully development is the result of intensive forest exploitation. Five types of gullies have been selected on the basis of the runoff directions, which are determined by the following: original relief, runoff concentration from fields, runoff concentration from fallplaces, skidding and course of forest roads used to carry a timber.

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Phases of gully erosion recorded in alluvial fans (Lublin Upland, E Poland)

Superson J., Klimowicz Z., Reder J., Rodzik J., Zgłobicki W.

Landform Analysis

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2011

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Vol. 17

205-208

EN

The study was focused on the alluvial fans formed in the bottom of the Bystra river valley. A detailed analysis of four fans allowed to distinguish several phases of gully erosion related to human activity. The gullies started to develop in the Neolithis times, the subsequent phases of gully erosion could be dated to: Bronze Age, Middle Ages. In modern times, most of the sediments have been retained within the extensive gully systems.

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Influence of field and road pattern change on gully development in the Bug River valley side (E Poland)

Rodzik J., Terpiłowski S., Godlewska A.

Landform Analysis

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2011

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Vol. 17

145-149

EN

Causes of dynamic development of a permanent gully dissected in sandy river valley side were presented in this paper. Road and field pattern change conditioned the gully forming during one downpour. A new pattern and crop structure caused fast surface flow on the side. Flow concentration along the road and balks causes dissections of gully escarpments and development of the gully branches.

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Genetic interpretation of micromorphological features of gully less - soil deposits (case study : Kolonia Celejów, E Poland)

Mroczek P., Rodzik J.

Landform Analysis

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2011

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Vol. 17

125-130

EN

Five complex soil profiles in gully system on Nałeczów Plateau (E Poland) were examined. They represent the loess sediments modified by soil processes and postpedogenic transformations. Two examined profiles represent natural and mature Luvisols with diagnostic illuvial horizon (Bt argillic) developed on the edge of plateau geomorphologic level and in the relict valley bottom. The other soil profiles reflects postpedogenic soil degradation, redeposition and secondary accumulation (deluvia, colluvia and/or proluvia). Record of these processes are the micromorphological features created by lithological processes (=primary loess and secondary pedoliths) or by pedogenesis (mainly bioturbation, illuviation, de- and recalcification). The important group of microfeatures are pedorelicts which clearly confirm genetic dependences of pedoliths (deluvia and proluvia) and soils developed in situ and located in higher hypsometric levels in the catchment.

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Hydrogeomorfologiczne skutki intensywnych opadów na międzyrzeczu Bystrzycy i Giełczwi (Wyżyna Lubelska)

Michalczyk Z., Janicki G., Rodzik J., Siwek K.

Przegląd Naukowy Inżynieria i Kształtowanie Środowiska

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2008

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Vol. 17, No. 4

30--41

PL

W dniach 31 lipca-6 sierpnia 2005 w okolicy Lublina wystąpiły wysokie, intensywne opady (tab. 1). Największy z nich miał miejsce w nocy z 3/4 sierpnia - w dwu stacjach jego wysokość przekroczyła 100 mm (ryc. 1). Był to opad o zmiennym natężeniu do 1 mm/min., trwający 4-5 godzin. W obszarze ok. 400 km2, objętym izohieta 100 mm, wystąpił intensywny spływ powierzchniowy, o skutkach erozyjnych. Wielkość spływu w terenie rolniczym uwarunkowana była użytkowaniem ziemi, struktura upraw oraz rozłogiem pól i przebiegiem dróg. Dominacja upraw zbożowych determinowała na stokach przewagę spływu rozproszonego oraz niewielkiego spłukiwania. Tylko na niewielkiej powierzchni: dróg, upraw roślin korzeniowych oraz pól o glebie spulchnionej, miała miejsce koncentracja spływu i erozja linijna (ryc. 3). Maksymalna wielkość erozji w skali pola osiągnęła: 200 t/ha materiału przemieszczonego i 70 t/ha materiału odprowadzonego, obniżenie powierzchni pola o 5 mm, a wypukłych fragmentów stoku do 8 cm. Depozycja materiału, w postaci stożków i pokryw proluwialnych, miała miejsce w dnach suchych dolin. Skoncentrowany spływ uformował tu epizodyczne koryta: transportowe i depozycyjne w wyłożonych zbożach oraz erozyjne w uprawach z gleba odsłonięta. Poniżej przecinających je dróg powstały kotły eworsyjne, o objętości do 50 m3, z odsypami wyerodowanego materiału. Większość uruchomionego materiału glebowego pozostała w obrębie suchych dolin, natomiast spływ wody stanowił główne źródło zasilania wezbrań w dolinach rzecznych. Odpływ jednostkowy ze zlewni suchych dolin, o powierzchni do 5 km2, osiągał wielkość 1-2,5 m3/s/km2. W dolinach małych cieków perenialnych, o powierzchni zlewni.

EN

On the 31st July-6th August 2005 in Lublin surroundings, high and intensive rainfalls appeared (Table 1). The highest one took place at night of 3rd-4th August and its level exceeded 100 mm in two stations (Fig. 1). It was the rain of changeable intensity to 1 mm·min-1, lasting 4-5 hours. In the area of 400 square kilometers enclosed with 100 mm isohyet, an intensive runoff with erosional effects appeared. Its size in rural area was conditioned by land use, crop structure, field pattern and road network. Majority of corn fields determined the predominance of dispersed runoff and little rainwash. Concentration of runoff and linear erosion took place only on small area of: roads, fields with root plants and fields of aerated soil (Fig. 3). The maximum of erosion rate in the field scale reached: 200 t·ha-1 of translocated material and 70 t·ha-1 of carried material, field surface lowering by 5 mm and convex parts of slope by 8 cm. Deposition of material, in form of fans and proluvial covers took place in dry valley floors. Concentrated runoff formed here episodic channels: transport and deposition in channels being flat and erosional channels in crops with uncovered soil. Below roads crossing the channels, potholes with the capacity to 50 m3 and bars of eroded material were formed. Most of moved soil material was left within dry valleys whereas water runoff was the main source of flood waters in river valleys. Specific outflow from dry valley catchments, with the area of 5 square km, reached 1-2.5 m3 (s·km2)-1. In valleys of small perennial flows with catchment area less than 50 square km (for instance: Skrzyniczanka, upper Stawek and Sierotka Streams), located in zone of the highest rainfall, local floods appeared. They caused losses in road and hydrotechnical infrastructure. Waves from these catchments, with specific outflow to 0.8 m3 (s·km2)-1, caused relatively smaller flood waters in higher valleys in next days (Fig. 2). Five-times growth of flow in Biskupice on the Giełczew River and seven-times one in Sobianowice on the Bystrzyca river occurred. On 4th-11th August period, about 12 mm of water flowed from these catchments but in the Czerniejówka catchment, level of groundwater raised about 30-70 cm.

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Wpływ deszczów ulewnych i roztopów na rozwój wąwozu lessowego

Rodzik J.

Landform Analysis

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2008

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Vol. 8

56--59

9

Natężenie procesów niweo-eolicznych w okolicy Lublina w lutym 2007 r.

Rodzik J., Siwek K.

Landform Analysis

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2008

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Vol. 9

192--197

10

Natężenie procesów niweo - eolicznych w okolicy Lublina w lutym 2007 r.

Rodzik J., Siwek K.

Landform Analysis

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2008

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Vol. 8

60--64

11

Późnoplejstoceńska i holoceńska ewolucja torfowiska Durne Bagno (Polesie Lubelskie)

Bałaga K., Dobrowolski R., Rodzik J.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2006

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Vol. 54, nr 1

68-72

EN

The Durne Bagno peat bog is the eastern, peripheral part of a large marshland complex in the Lublin Polesie. Limnic biogenic deposits occurring directly on mineral deposits are up to 8.5 m thick. They exhibit great vertical facial variability and small lateral differentiation. This indicates that the conditions of sedimentation/sedentation were similar in the whole basin in particular time intervals. The chronostratigraphically-correlated sequence of sediments allows reconstruction of the geosystem evolution in recent 13 ka BP. In its entire Late Glacial and Holocene history two basic stages may be distinguished: lacustrine (OD — middle AT) and mire (middle AT — present time)

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Water erosion and supply of material for fluvial transport under episodic surface flow conditions in the semi-arid zone on Boa Vista (Cabo Verde)

Gierszewski P., Rodzik J.

Landform Analysis

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2003

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Vol. 4

49--58

EN

This paper presents the effects of the natural conditions of the semi-arid zone on the tem-poral and spatial variability of production and supply of material for fluvial transport under conditions of episodic surface flow. Based on measurements of water runoff, concentration of suspension and dissolved material in the course of a one-hour rainfall, it has been determined that the catchments under study have a considerable resistance to the effects of water erosion. Some protection is supplied by the ablation pavement, which reduces rainsplash and slopewash and prevents flow concentration. Consid-erably more erosion has been noted on unpaved roads concentrating water flow even on plateaux and gently inclined slopes. Obviously the potential for leaching rock material in short-duration flow is limited. Large proportions of the dissolved material carried away from the catchments are salts of marine and aeolian provenance. The high intensity of erosional processes in the early phase of runoff is evidence of the role of physical weathering between rainfalls, which supplies the material for fluvial transport.

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Monitoring płytkich wód podziemnych Roztoczańskiego Parku Narodowego jako podstawa renaturalizacji stosunków wodnych

Bartoszewski S., Rodzik J., Maciejewski Z., Siwek K.

Gaz, Woda i Technika Sanitarna

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2003

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Nr 10

322-324

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Odpływ i transport zawiesiny podczas spływu epizodycznego z rolniczej zlewni lessowej

Gawrysiak L., Janicki G., Rodzik J., Stępniewski K.

Przegląd Naukowy Inżynieria i Kształtowanie Środowiska

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2002

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Vol. 11, No. 2

38--45

EN

On the 15 June 2000 A.D . in the area of the Roztocze Tomaszowskie episodic overland flow from agriculture loess catchment (of 50 ha in area and denivelations up to 50 m ) was observed after 10-minutes of a heavy rainfall (Figure 1 and 2). Twenty water samples were taken to measure the suspension value and the measurement of discharge was made in three streams from the subcatchments of differentiated slope inclination, types of plant crops and directions of tillage on the slope area (Table 1). The outflow in the maximum vegetation period was influenced by the heavy rainfall on the previous night. The runoff from the catchment started after the 10 mm rainfall, quickly (during 10 minutes) reached maximum ca. 700 l/s and disappeared gradually (Figure 3). The total outflow from the catchment was 1605 m , outflow index 3.2 mm (Table 2). The maximum suspension (80-100 g/l) was during the increasing phase and during a half hour it decreased to few g/l. The total detrital transport was determined as 53.8 t - which is 1.1 t/ha. In the partial slope catchment (C), where the inclination of slopes > 5° covers more than 60 percent of the whole area, the denudation index was 2 t/ha. This catchment has oblique field system and the share of root plants was the highest (41% ). The lowest coefficient outflow (26%) and the denudation index (0,8 t/ha) was calculated for the catchment of main valley (B) with domination of interfluves and slopes with low inclination with big contribution of green lands and fields with contour-tillage slopes.