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Coopetition in international maritime shipping

Lin D. Y., Huang C. C.

Polish Maritime Research

2013

S 1

5--12

The increasingly competitive nature of maritime freight transport has stimulated carriers to improve efficiency and lower costs. The industry has gradually matured, and it has recently become the case that the larger a carrier is, the more competitive advantage it has. Therefore, carriers form strategic alliances to collaborate with each other so that they can reduce their operational costs due to economies of scale. At the same time, such alliances allow carriers to improve the quality of their service by increasing their network coverage. Although carriers collaborate to improve their operational efficiency, they compete with each other simultaneously. In other words, a game of coopetition among carriers has developed in international maritime freight transport in recent years. In this study, we propose a theoretical framework for characterizing coopetition in international maritime shipping and investigating how carriers can manage their business models. Empirical studies, together with salient analytical results, are presented and discussed.

Evaluation of a Manufacturing Technique of Polyamide Bamboo Charcoal/ Polyurethane Complex Yarns and Knitted Fabrics and Assessment of their Electric Surface Resistivity

Lin C. M., Huang C. C., Lou C. W., Chen A. P., Liou S. E., Lin J. H.

Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe

2011

Vol. 19, no. 2 (85)

28-32

In this research, bamboo charcoal polyamide / polyurethane (BCP/PU) complex yarns and knitted fabrics were produced from bamboo charcoal polyamide textured yarn and polyurethane fbres. Te polyurethane fbres were expanded and then wrapped with the bamboo charcoal polyamide textured yarn. Tree manufacturing parameters were depicted as follows: the speeds of the rotor twister were 4000-12000 r.p.m., the wrapped counts of the BCP/PU complex yarns - 200 - 400 turns/m; and the expanded multiple of the polyurethane fbres was 3. Aferwards we fabricated BCP/PU complex knitted fabrics using a circular knitting machine. Te tenacity of the BCP/PU complex yarns was 37258.4 cN/tex when the speed of the rotor twister was 4000 r.p.m. and the wrapped counts - 200 turns/m. Meanwhile, the elongation of the BCP/P complex yarns was 35.77% when the speed of the rotor twister was 4000 r.p.m. and the wrapped counts - 400 turns/m. Te lower electric surface resistivity of the BCP/PU knitted fabrics was 3.33×1010 (?/Square) when the wrapped counts were 400 turns/m and the polyurethane fbres - 78 dtex. Moreover, when the wrapped counts were 200 turns/m, the optimum air permeability of the BCP/PU complex knitted fabrics with 44 dtex polyurethane fbres was 47.2 cm3/cm2/s, which was better than that with 78 dtex polyurethane fbres.