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1

Influence of spreading cultivation with food waste culture medium on the degradation of organophosphorus pesticides by a microbial consortium OP-1

Zhang Y., Jin X., Luo W.

Environment Protection Engineering

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2016

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Vol. 42, nr 4

37--48

EN

A microbial consortium OP-1 was enriched from a pesticide production plant and spread cultivated on various food waste (FW) culture media. Results indicated that OP-1 can efficiently degrade organophosphorus pesticides (OPs): isocarbophos, dimethoate and dichlorvos (DDVP). The microbial consortium obtained from the spreading cultivation using FW culture maintained certain degradation capacity of OPs. However, it was decreased after spreading cultivation, probably due to the change of microbial community structure. The finding of this study provided scientific supporting for the development of microbial degradation technique for the environmental remediation.

2

Dynamic analysis and optimization of a bionic flapping-wing aircraft

Jin X., Zhou X., Tian P., Zhang L., Nie Z.

Engineering Transactions

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2016

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Vol. 64, iss. 2

181--196

EN

This research has been conducted for the purpose of developing bionic flapping-wing aircraft. In this paper, wings are regarded as flexible, and the response issues of wings under certain excitation functions are investigated. The research is based on preliminary studies about bionic flapping wings and aims to provide data references to aid the selection of electrical actuators and the design of driving mechanisms for bionic flapping-wing aircraft at a later stage. The dynamic analysis shows that the response functions adapt well to the flapping movements of the wings. However, there are mutational situations in the wing structure transformation which are bad for structural stability, and cause there to be too little lift force. Under such circumstances, the minimum norm of low-order vibration mode difference values is used as the optimization principle to conduct the structural optimization. The optimization results and the wing flutter test both show that the optimized wings can better avoid structural mutations and their response functions can also better meet the design requirements.

3

Synthesis and Characterization of Four Energetic Transition Metal Complexes of 3,4-Diamino-1,2,4-triazole

Yin X., Jin X., Xu C.-X., He P., Wang K., Zhang J.-G.

Central European Journal of Energetic Materials

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2016

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Vol. 13, no. 2

301--320

EN

Four complexes with the formula of [M5(DATr)12~14(H2O)6](ClO4)10 (M = Mn (1), Co (2), Ni (3), Zn (4)) about their synthesis, structures and some energetic properties (such as sensitivities tests) have been described, where the DATr here denotes 3,4-diamino-1,2,4-triazole. These four compounds are all light metallic complexes with good thermal stability. The structures of 2-4 were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, and the crystal structures mainly consist of penta-nuclear units. All the structures have a common interesting property in which DATr plays a role of bi-dentate ligand. Besides, it is observed from the crystal structure of 4 that DATr can be also act as a mono-dentate ligand. Thermodynamic studies of their decomposition properties and kinetic parameters show that the four complexes have high thermal stabilities. Furthermore, tests of their impact and friction sensitivities show that complexes (2) and (3) can be potential candidates as primary explosives to replace toxic lead azide.

4

Relationship Between Bake Hardening, Snoek-Köster and Dislocation-Enhanced Snoek Peaks in Coarse Grained Low Carbon Steel

Lin W., Zhao S., Zhang H., Jin X.

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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2016

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Vol. 61, iss. 3

1723--1732

EN

In the present work, specimens prepared from coarse grained low carbon steel with different prestrains were baked and then, their bake hardening (BH) property and internal friction were determined. TEM was used to characterize the dislocation structure in BH treated samples. The measurements of internal friction in prestrained samples and baked samples were carried out using a multifunctional internal friction apparatus. The results indicate that, in coarse grained low carbon steel, the bake hardening properties (BH values) were negative, which were increased by increasing the prestrain from 2 to 5%, and then were decreased by increasing the prestrain from 5 to 10%. In the specimen with prestrain 5%, the BH value reached the maximum value and the height of Snoek-Köster peak was observed to be the maximum alike. With increasing the prestrain, both of the BH value and Snoek-Köster peak heights are similarly varied. It is concluded that Snoek-Köster and dislocation-enhanced Snoek peaks, caused by the interactions between interstitial solute carbon atoms and dislocations, can be used in further development of the bake hardening steels.

5

Mechanical Spectroscopy of Bearing Steel

Lu X., Li W., Lu X., Jin M., Min N., Jin X.

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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2015

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Vol. 60, iss. 3A

2085--2091

EN

This study presents mechanical spectroscopy of bearing steel subjected to different heat treatments. A non-thermally activated maximum, P1, was found at 130°C, in quenched martensitic samples, which were austenitized at 1050°C and 860°C, and presented twin martensite microstructures. It is suggested that the mechanism of the P1 maximum, observed on the low-temperature side of Snoek-Köster peak, is related to the change of defect configurations in twinned martensite assisted with high mobility of the solute carbon atoms under an external harmonic stress field applied during mechanical loss measurements.

PL

W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań spektroskopii mechanicznej stali łożyskowej poddanej różnej obróbce cieplnej. W hartowanych martenzytycznych próbkach, które były austenityzowane w 1050°C i 860°C, i posiadały bliźniaczą mikrostrukturę martenzytu, występuje nietermicznie aktywowane maksimum P1 przy 130°C. Sugeruje się, że mechanizm maksimum P1, które występuje na niskotemperaturowym zboczu piku Snoek-Köstera, związane jest ze zmianą konfiguracji defektów w bliźniaczym martenzycie, przy wysokiej ruchliwości atomów węgla. Maksimum P1 ujawnia się pod wpływem działania harmonicznie zmiennego zewnętrznego pola naprężeń przyłożonego do próbki w trakcie badań metodą spektroskopii mechanicznej.

6

Internal Friction of Phase Transformations Observed Around Room Temperature in Ga-In-Sn Eutectic Alloys

Jin M., Li Q., Ying R., Lu X., Jin X., Ding X.

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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2015

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Vol. 60, iss. 3A

2097--2100

EN

The phase transformation phenomena in eutectic Ga-In-Sn alloys around room temperature are studied by thermal analysis, internal friction, and in-situ XRD methods. The results show that in addition to the solidification transformation, a novel the so-called ‘pre-solidification’ phase transition, demonstrating first-order feature, is observed prior to the crystallization during cooling. The internal friction increases when the ‘pre-solidification’ effect occurs. The shear modulus increases until crystallization. An internal friction peak is attributed to the melting process observed during heating. The mechanism of the ‘pre-solidification’ transformation in Ga-In-Sn eutectic alloy is discussed.

PL

Zjawiska przemian fazowych w eutektycznych stopach Ga-In-Sn, około temperatury pokojowej, badane są metodami analizy termicznej, tarcia wewnętrznego i XRD in-situ. Wyniki pokazują, że w dodatku do przemiany krzepnięcia, nowa przemiana tzw. „wstępne krzepnięcie”, o charakterze przemiany pierwszego rzędu, obserwowana jest przed krystalizacją podczas chłodzenia. Tarcie wewnętrzne zwiększa się, gdy występuje „wstępnie krzepnięcie”. Moduł sprężystości poprzecznej zwiększa się aż do krystalizacji. Wewnętrzny pik tarcia przypisany jest do topienia obserwowanego podczas ogrzewania. Omówiono mechanizm przemiany „wstępnego krzepnięcia” w eutektycznym stopie Ga-In-Sn.

7

High genetic diversity in the naturally rare plant Taihangia rupestris Yu et Li (Rosaceae) dwelling only cliff faces

Tang M., Yu F., Jin X., Ge S.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2010

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Vol. 58, nr 2

241-248

EN

Cliffs are the primary habitat of many rare and endangered plant species, but few studies have investigated the genetic diversity of these species. Taihangia rupestris Yu et Li (Rosaceae) is the only species of the genus Taihangia, which occurs exclusively in small crevices on the faces of north-facing vertical cliffs at altitudes ranging from 600 to 1500 m above sea level. It is a perennial herb endemic to the southern part of the Taihang Mountains in northern China. We sampled fresh leaves from 11 to 38 individuals of T. rupestris in each of eight cliff-face populations located in the provinces of Hebei, Shanxi and Henan in China. The leaves were dried by silica gel and DNA was extracted. We then assessed the genetic variability within and among the eight populations of T. rupestris using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). Within the 150 plants sampled, 81.2% of the 117 RAPD markers detected were polymorphic, and Nei.s diversity (H) was on average 0.21 in the eight populations and 0.28 in the species as a whole. The grouping of the eight populations by clustering analysis agreed with their pattern of geographical distribution and with the separation of the species into two varieties (T. rupestris var. ciliata and T. rupestris var. rupestris). Genetic distances ([Phi]st) were significantly correlated with geographic distances. Although significant genetic differentiation existed between groups (varieties) and among populations, a high proportion (65.4%) of the total genetic variation was maintained within populations. Therefore, high genetic diversity is preserved in the cliffdwelling populations, and in situ protection of T. rupestris should focus on the protection of the habitat of both varieties, which may be of particular importance for the long-term survival of this species.

8

Application of the stress evolutionary model along the Xiaojiang fault zone in Yunnan Province, Southeast China

Paradisopoulou P.M., Garlaouni Ch.G., Jin X., Papadimitriou E.E., Karakostas V.G., Yang J.

Acta Geophysica

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2007

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Vol. 55, no. 4

577-593

EN

The Xiaojiang fault zone constitutes part of the major Xianshuihe¨CXiaojiang left lateral structure that bounds the rhombic-shaped block of Yunnan¨CSichuan to the east. Long strike slip fault zones that have repeatedly accommodated intense seismic activity, constitute a basic feature of southeast China. Known historical earthquakes to have struck the study area are the 1713 Xundian of M6.8, 1725 Wanshou mountain of M6.8, the 1733 Dongchuan of M7.8, and the strongest one, the 1833 Songming of M8.0. Although instrumental record did not report events of this magnitude class, the 18th century clustering as well as the 19th century large event prompted the investigation of stress transfer along this fault zone. Coulomb stress changes were calculated assuming that earthquakes can be modeled as static dislocations in an elastic half-space, and taking into account both the coseismic slip in strong (M ˇÝ 6.8) earthquakes and the slow tectonic stress buildup along the major fault segments. Geological and geodetic data are used to infer the geometry of these faults and long term slip rates on them, as well as for the fault segments that slipped. Evidence is presented that the strong historical events as well as the ones of smaller magnitude that occurred during the instrumental era, are located in areas where the static stress was enhanced. By extending the calculations up to present, possible sites for future strong events are identified.