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PL
W niniejszym artykule przedstawiono algorytmy sterowania robotem humanoidalnym firmy Futaba. Zaprezentowano wykorzystanie sztucznych sieci neuronowych, jako alternatywnego sposobu obliczenia kinematyki odwrotnej oraz wykorzystanie środowiska Microsoft Robotics Developer Studio do tworzenia złożonych, wielowątkowych aplikacji szeroko stosowanych w robotyce. Ponadto pokazano zastosowanie środowiska symulacyjnego VSE (Visual Simulation Environment) w procesie prototypowania algorytmów sterujących.
EN
This paper presents a control system for a Futaba humanoid robot [1]. It is equipped with a controller board based on a microcontroller with an ARM7TDMI core, a full set of inertial sensors and a 2.4 GHz wireless communication module. The controller uses the wireless communication module to send information about the robot state to a PC on which the controlling application is run. This paper focuses on the software part of the presented system (the hardware part has been presented in the first part of this paper). In order to develop a controlling algorithm, an analysis of robot kinematics was made and equations for direct kinematics were derived in consistency with the Denavit-Hartenberg convention. To eliminate the necessity of designating equations for inverse kinematics, which can be very complex due to the kinematic redundancy of the robot, an artificial neural network was used (Fig. 2). The application was written using the Microsoft Robotics Developer Studio designed for creating complex, multithread, distributed and scalable applications used in robotics. The application uses the data acquired by radio to implement the walking and balance-keeping algorithms. For visualization of the robot movement, testing and development of the algorithms without the risk of damaging the robot, a simulation in the Visual Simulation Environment, a part of the Microsoft Robotics Developer Studio, was created. A 3D model of the robot was used in this simulation (Fig. 4).
PL
W niniejszym artykule przedstawiono założenia projektowe oraz budowę systemu sterowania ruchem dla robota humanoidalnego Futaba RBT-1. Zaprezentowano wykonany sterownik oparty o mikrokontroler z rdzeniem ARM7, wyposażony w interfejs komunikacji do sterowania serwonapędami cyfrowymi, moduły radiowej wymiany danych oraz zestaw czujników inercyjnych. Ponadto zwrócono uwagę na interesującą metodę wyznaczania wychylenia poruszającego się obiektu względem Ziemi.
EN
This paper presents a part of the control system of the humanoid robot Futaba RBT-1. The hardware consists of a microprocessor based controller equipped with a communication interface for digital servos in robot legs. The main parts of the controller are: an ARM microcontroller, a wireless communication module TLX2401 and a Bluetooth. There was chosen an advanced sensor ADIS16362 iSensorŽ which is a complete inertial system that includes a triaxis gyroscope, a triaxis accelerometer and a programmable digital low-pass filter. The robot control system is shown in Fig. 1. In Section 4 the Inertial Navigation System (INS) is described. It uses the data obtained from the accelerometer and gyroscope to calculate the inclination of the robot body in respect to the gravity direction. It is based on "Efficient Orientation Filter" (developed by Dr. Sebastian Madgwick [1]) which despite being computationally efficient gives very good results. Small computational demands allow it to run on a microcontroller with the ARM7 core in real-time which would be difficult with e.g. Extended Kalman Filter. The main control application (described in the second part of this paper) runs on a PC computer. The robot controller radio-communicates with the PC through ISM 2.4GHz radio modules. Furthermore, the controller has a Bluetooth module which enables it to send measurement data for convinient visualisation in the Matlab/Simulink enviroment.
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