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EN
Fatigue of steel components occurs when small cracks form and continue to grow to a size large enough to cause failure. Detecting the cracks and determining whether the cracks will cause failure is very important for developing reliability of steel components. We applied a non-destructive method of in- vestigation and focused on the magnetic fields occurring around the cracks. In our previous study, in order to measure the changes in the magnetic flux density, we developed a scanning Hall probe microscope (SHPM) equipped in a GaAs film and observed fatigue cracks at room temperature in air as they grew. we found that the magnetic fields around the crack tips change during crack growth. In order to further understand this phenomena, in this paper, we report the influence of stress conditions on the changes in the magnetic fields around fatigue crack tip in JIS SKS 93 high carbon tool steel.
EN
Due to their biocompatibility and high strength-to-weight ratio titanium and Ti alloys are widely used in high end application in the medical and aeronau- tical industries. The materials` low wear resistance presents a disadvantage that is approached in this work. In order to enhance the rolling contact fa- tigue properties of the bearings` working surface, a laser coating technique was used. Non-coated and coated specimens were tested in equal conditions and it was found that layers of titanium nitride significantly improve the rolling contact fatigue performance of titanium components.
EN
An innovative type of one-point rolling contact fatigue (RCF) machine was developed to investigate crack initiation and propagation in metals. The microstructural changes and propagation of subsurface cracks during rolling contact in specimens tested by using the new device were studied by laser confocal microscope and X-ray diffraction. It was shown that this new method presents several important advantages compared to the conventional thrust type RCF machines.
PL
Konstrukcja turbiny oparta jest na rozwiązaniach turbiny BBC z początku lat siedemdziesiątych. Gwarancyjne pomiary cieplne wykazały, że części niskoprężne turbin posiadają znacznie niższą sprawność od obliczeniowej. Ten fakt był przyczynkiem do rozpoczęcia w roku 1997 pierwszego etapu modernizacji turbin - modernizacji części NP, poprzez poprawienie jej sprawności, a w rezultacie podniesienie mocy bloku do 370 MW. Poczynając od roku 2007 planowany jest drugi etap modernizacji turbin, której głównym celem jest wydłużenie czasu pracy turbin do ponad 320 tys. godzin oraz podwyższenie sprawności części WP i SP turbin, a w rezultacie obniżenie jednostkowego zużycia ciepła do 7832 kJ/kWh.
EN
The turbine design is based on solutions of the BBC turbines from early seventies of previous century. Guarantee measurements proved that LP parts of the turbine had considerably lower efficiency than their calculated efficiency. It was the reason for the first stage of the turbine modernisation in 1997 (it was the modernisation of LP part, so improvement of their efficiency and as a result the output of the power unit rose to 370 MW) The second stage of the turbine modernisation is planned since 2007; main objective of this modernisation is to extend the life time of the turbines above 320 000 h. and to increase the efficiency of the HP and MP parts of the turbines resulting in decrease of the unit heat consumption to 7 832 kJ/kWh.
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