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Plant exploitation by the inhabitants of the Wielbark culture settlement complex near the village Ulów, SE Poland, at the background of the natural environment

Pidek I. A., Wasylikowa K., Moskal-del Hoyo M.

Folia Quaternaria

2017

nr 85

81--108

Palynological and archaeobotanical investigations were carried out on a large settlement complex of the Wielbark culture dated to the late Roman and early Migration periods, situated near the village Ulów in the Middle Roztocze, SE Poland. Pollen diagrams which covered the Subboreal and Subatlantic periods revealed the development of forests with European hornbeam Carpinus betulus, lime Tilia sp., oak Quercus sp. and common beech Fagus sylvatica in the Subboreal and the spread of silver fir Abies alba in the Subatlantic phase. Pollen spectra from both periods provided the evidence of cereal cultivation and animal grazing in the neighbourhood of the settlement. The analysis of daub coming from the Wielbark culture features documented the predominance of common barley Hordeum vulgare and common millet Panicum miliaceum among the cereals and probably lesser significance of wheat, emmer Triticum dicoccon or einkorn T. monococcum. Charcoal assemblages were examined from the settlement and from the cemetery. Taking into account the number of charcoal fragments, Quercus sp. was the most abundant taxon, followed by Fagus sylvatica, Carpinus betulus, Scots pine Pinus sylvestris, and birch Betula sp. Other taxa were only occasionally found. The taxonomic lists were very similar in the settlement and the cemetery, but there was a discrepancy between the predominating taxa since birch was the most frequent at the cemetery and oak in the settlement.

Plant remains from the Late Neolithic settlement of Polgár-Bosnyákdomb

Moskal-del Hoyo M., Lityńska-Zając M.

Folia Quaternaria

2016

nr 84

85--98

Charred plant remains were recovered at the Polgár-Bosnyákdomb site dated to the Middle Neolithic period (the Tisza–Herpály–Csőszhalom culture), corresponding to the first half of the Vth millenium BC. Among cultivated plants found as dispersed within the archaeological features and in daub pieces, remains of emmer wheat Triticum dicoccon were the most frequent. Also, leguminous plants were used as demonstrated by seeds of lentil Lens culinaris. Among wild herbaceous plants, taxa of field and ruderal habitats prevailed (Chenopodium type album, Galium spurium, Polygnum mite and Bromus sp.) as well as those coming from dry grasslands (Stipa sp.). The analysis of charcoal remains showed that mostly wood belonging to Quercus sp., Ulmus sp. and Cornus sp. were collected as firewood from the proximity of the settlement, mainly from oak-dominated wooded steppes developed on the elevated surfaces and floodplain forests from the seasonally flooded alluvium. The most frequently found plant remains (Cornus sp. wood and Stipa sp. awns) were dated with the means of radiocarbon analysis and the chronology showed their use at the end of the settlement, toward the middle of the Vth millenium BC.