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PL
Praca prezentuje wyniki 40-letnich badań nad rekultywacją rolniczą gruntów pogórniczych Konińsko-Tureckiego zagłębia węglowego. Rekultywacja prowadzona była zgodnie z koncepcją gatunków docelowych Bendera. Przedstawiono właściwości fizyczne i chemiczne gleb rozwijające się z gruntów pogórniczych zawartość składników chemicznych rozpuszczalnych w wodzie, formy fosforu i potasu ilość metali ciężkich i plonowanie roślin. Produktywność gleby powstającej w wyniku eksploatacji węgla brunatnego uzależniona jest od budowy geologicznej i czynnika antropogenicznego decydującego o doborze i stosowaniu zabiegów rekultywacyjnych. Za najważniejszy zabieg rekultywacyjny uznawana jest naprawa chemizmu uwzględniająca wymagania pokarmowe roślin.
EN
The paper presents the results of forty-years long of research on agricultural reclamation of post-mining areas of the Konin-Turkish coal basin. Reclamation was carried out in accordance with the concept of Bender’s target species. Physical and chemical properties of soils developing from post-mining soils, chemical content of water-soluble substances, forms of phosphorus and potassium, the amount of heavy metals and crop yielding were presented. The productivity of the soil resulting from lignite exploitation depends on the geological structure and the anthropogenic factor that determines the selection and application of reclamation treatments. The most important reclamation treatment is the repair of chemism that takes into account the nutritional requirements of plants.
PL
Gmina Kleczew położona jest we wschodniej części województwa wielko-polskiego w powiecie konińskim. Na terenie gminy od 1965 roku prowadzona jest eksploatacja węgla brunatnego przez KWB „Konin”, obecnie PAK KWB Konin S.A. Na powierzchni około 2000 ha (18 % obszaru gminy) uformowana została nowa rzeźba powierzchni, w tym najwyżej położony w gminie punkt (129 m n. p. m.) zwany wzgórzem Kleczewskim. Nowa pokrywa glebowa jest konglomeratem występujących w nadkładzie glin zwałowych, a głównie gliny zwałowej zlodowacenia Warty, piasków czwartorzędowych, sporadycznie iłów plioceńskich. Dominującym kierunkiem rekultywacji jest rekultywacja rolnicza. Zgodnie z oczekiwaniami społeczności lokalnej około 404 ha zwałowiska wewnętrznego Jóźwin II A przeznaczono pod rekultywację rekreacyjną. Centralnym punktem tego terenu miał być stok narciarski, o wysokości 70 m, zlokalizowany na wzgórzu Kleczewskim – Malta Bis. Obok uformowany został teren pod amfiteatr, tor motocrossowy pole golfowe, zbiornik wody. Na północnym obrzeżu miasta Kleczewa miał powstać na powierzchni około 50 ha park rekreacyjno-krajobrazowy „Zielone płuca”. Z planowanych przedsięwzięć rekultywacyjnych i rewitalizacyjnych, powstał „Park Rekreacji i Aktywności Fizycznej” o pow. 40,5 ha. Pozostała część terenu podlega wtórnej degradacji poprzez zabagnienie i inwazje rokitnika. Część została sprzedana i zmieniła przeznaczenie.
EN
Kleczew commune is located in the eastern part of Wielkopolska in the district of Konin. In the municipality since 1965 is conducted lignite mining by KWB "Konin", now PAK KWB Konin SA On the surface about 2 000 ha (18% of the municipalities) was formed new sculpture area, including the highest point in the village (+129 m a.s.l.) called the Hill Kleczew. New soil cover is a conglomerate found in the overburden tills, mainly glacial boulder clay Warta, Quaternary sands, clays occasionally Pliocene. The dominant direction is the rehabilitation of agricultural reclamation. As expected, the local community about 404 hectares of inner dumping ground Jóźwin II A earmarked for the remediation of recreation. The focal point of this area was to be a ski slope, hight of 70 m, located on a Hill Kleczew - Malta Bis. Beside formed a plot for an amphitheater, motorcross track a golf course, a water tank. On the northern edge of the town Kleczew was built on an area of about 50 hectares of park and recreation landscape "green lungs". With the planned reclamation and revitalization created "Park of Recreation and Physical Activity" of the area. 40.5 hectares. The remainder of the land is subject to secondary degrada-tion through poludification and invasion of sea buckthorn. Part was sold and changed its destiny.
EN
Post-exploitation opencast pits constitute a final stage of mining activities and turning them into public utility facilities is taking place now by their water reclamation. They constitute basins without outflows with the depth of 15 to 69 m and areas ranging from 2.5 to 692 ha. The bottoms of these basins are situated in pyrite-containing Miocene formations. Products of Fe2S weathering comprise sulphuric acid and iron compounds – sulphate II and sulphate III. This study presents the basic parameters of the reservoirs constructed in the final opencast pits of the “Konin” and “Adamów” brown coal mine,s as well as the properties of the formations making up the bottoms of two water reservoirs under construction: Lubstów and Władysławów. It is evident from the performed investigations that these formations are characterised by very acid reaction and very high exchangeable acidity. The total sulphur content ranges from 446 to 962 mg·kg -1 of the ground and that of sulphate sulphur – from 71 to 187 mg·kg -1 of the ground. The chemism of these grounds will exert influence on the quality of water accumulating in the opencast pits during the initial period of their spontaneous flooding. Together with the increase of the capacity of these reservoirs, the contact of waters with boulder clays of the Warta River glaciation abounding in calcium compounds will increase and concentrations of calcium ions in the waters of the reservoirs will also grow.
PL
Osadniki wód kopalnianych to na ogół czasowe budowle hydrotechniczne związane z oczyszczaniem wód dołowych z zawiesiny mineralno-organicznej. Po zakończeniu eksploatacji węgla i odcięciu sztucznego zasilania podlegają, w zależności od uwarunkowań hydrologicznych i hydrotechnicznych, osuszeniu lub wykorzystywane są jako zbiorniki wodne. Osuszone osadniki podlegają najczęściej samoczynnej rekultywacji – renaturyzacji, stając się podobnie jak zbiorniki wodne obiektami ekohydrologicznymi. Z uwagi, że rolą osadników jest oczyszczanie wód brudnych za celowe uznano poznanie właściwości nagromadzonych w nim osadów i ich wpływu na kształtujące się zbiorowiska roślinne. Całą powierzchnię osadnika (16 ha) po dwóch latach od jego zamknięcia objęto badaniami gleboznawczymi i fitosocjologicznymi. Zróżnicowane warunki wilgotnościowe i glebowe powierzchni osadnika sprzyjały inwazji gatunków o różnych wymagania siedliskowych, kształtując nową jakość terenu poprzemysłowego i jego bioróżnorodność. Inwazja roślinności zielnej i drzewiastej wskazuje, że pomimo funkcji jaką pełnił osadnik w infrastrukturze kopalnianej, nagromadzony w nim materiał stanowi korzystne siedlisko dla rozwoju szaty roślinnej. Sądzić należy, że wynika to z dużej domieszki węgla brunatnego.
EN
Sediment traps of dirty waters are, generally speaking, temporary hydrotechnical constructions associated with the purification of mine waters from mineral-organic suspensions. Once coal mining is finished and artificial supplies are cut off, such sediment traps – depending on hydrological and hydrotechnical conditions – undergo drainage or are utilised as water reservoirs. Drained sediment traps most commonly go through a period of self-generated reclamation – renaturalisation and become, similarly to water reservoirs, eco-hydrological objects. Bearing in mind the fact that the role of sediment traps is cleaning dirty waters, it seemed advisable to recognise the properties of sediments accumulated in them and to assess their impact on the arising plant communities. Two years after its closure, the entire area of the sediment trap (16 ha) was subjected to soil science and phytosociological investigation. Differentiated moisture content and soil conditions of the sediment tank surface were favourable for the settlement of various species characterised by differing site requirements which conferred a completely new quality to this post-industrial land and its biodiversity. The invasion of herbaceous and woody plants indicates that despite the function of sediment tank played earlier in the brown coalmine infrastructure, the material which was accumulated in it provided a favourable habitat for the development of plant cover. It may be assumed that it can be attributed to a significant admixture of brown coal.
PL
Eksploatowane przez kopalnię węgla brunatnego „Adamów” złoża węgla położone są na obszarze wysoczyzny tureckiej, należącej do makroregionu Niziny południowo- wielkopolskiej. Cechą tego regionu są nie tylko niskie opady, ale także brak zbiorników wodnych i dużych cieków. Działalność górnicza spowodowała duże zmiany w sieci hydrologicznej, dotyczące nie tylko likwidacji, przełożenia czy przebudowy koryt rzecznych, ale także powstanie nowych obiektów gromadzących wodę. Należą do nich osadniki wód „brudnych”, a także zbiorniki retencyjne powstające w wyrobiskach poeksploatacyjnych, w ramach rekultywacji wodnej. Po zakończeniu wydobycia węgla funkcjonowanie tych obiektów uzależnione jest od uwarunkowań hydrologicznych i hydrotechnicznych. Problem ten przedstawiono na przykładzie osadnika wód brudnych i wyrobiska końcowego, poddawanego rekultywacji wodnej na terenach pogórniczych Odkrywki Władysławów. Odkrywka zakończyła swoją działalność w roku 2013. Wyrobisko końcowe jest bezodpływową niecką o kubaturze 42 mln m3, położonej w obrębie zlewni rzeki Topiec stanowiącej lewostronny dopływ Warty.
EN
Operated by lignite mine “Adams” coal deposits are located in the upland area of the Turkish, belonging to the South Plains macro-region of Wielkopolska. A feature of this region are not only low rainfall, but also the lack of water reservoirs and large rivers. Mining activity has caused major changes in the hydrological network, not just for liquidation, postpone or reconstruction of riverbeds, but also the creation of new objects that collect water. These include settling the waters “dirty”, as well as reservoirs formed in excavation voids as part of a water reclamation. After the end of coal mining operation of these facilities is dependent on hydrology and hydraulic engineering conditions. This problem will be shown on the example of dirty water clarifier and final excavation undergoing water reclamation opencast mining areas Władysławów. Outcrop ended its activities in 2013. The final excavation is no outflow basin with a capacity of 42 million m3, located within the river basin Topiec constituting the left-hand tributary of the Warta.
PL
Przedmiotem pracy był skład minerałów ilastych w gruntach pogórniczych KWB Konin i gleb rozwijających się z tego materiału macierzystego pod wpływem rekultywacji rolniczej. Przeprowadzone badania wykazały, że głównymi minerałami ilastymi w analizowanym materiale są smektyt i illit. Obok nich występują również minerały mieszanopakietowe illit- smektyt oraz kaolinit, chloryt, kalcyt, kwarc i skalenie. Ten skład jest zbliżony do składu minerałów ilastych w glinie zwałowej zlodowacenia Warty. Jest to skała, która stanowi główny składnik gruntów pogórniczych. W glebie rozwijającej się z gruntów pogórniczych większa jest ilość materii organicznej, która ponadto jest bardziej związana z minerałami ilastymi.
EN
The object of studies was the composition of clay minerals in post-mining groundsof the Konin Brown Coal Mine as well as of soils developing from this parent material under the influence of farming reclamation. The per-formed investigations revealed that the main clay minerals in the analysed materials included: smectite and illite with some other mixed-package minerals such as: illite-smectite, kaolinite, chlorite, calcite, quartz and feldspar. This composition is similar to clay minerals found in boulder clay of the Warta River glaciation. It is a formation which constitutes the main constituent of post-mining grounds. The soil developing from post-mining grounds contains greater quantities of organic matter which, in addition, is more associated with clay minerals.
EN
An attempt was made in this investigation to determine the impact of the following four systems of soil agricultural use: not subjected to any reclamation treatment, fodder-cereal reclamation treatment, rape-cereal reclamation treatment and the so-called “conservation” treatment (permanent lucerne) on the properties of soils developing from post-mining grounds. A particular attention was paid to the properties of the humus layer of the developing soils, among them, their texture which belongs to the most important soil diagnostic features. Experiments were carried out in 2010 on the experimental field of the Department of Soil Science and Reclamation of the University of Life Sciences in Poznań. A combination without mineral fertilisation (0NPK) was established on each of the analysed use systems. In the case of the fodder-cereal and rape-cereal systems, additionally, two levels of mineral fertilisation: 1NPK – in rape-cereal system (rape: 200 kg N, 70 kg PO5, 90 kg K2O; wheat: 160 kg N, 40 kg P2O5, 80 kg K2O) and in fodder- cereal (lucerne: 170 kg N, 60 kg P2O5, 150 kg K2O; wheat: 160 kg N, 40 kg P2O5, 80 kg K2O) and 2NPK were applied. The control was post-mining ground which was not subjected to any reclamation treatment. The evaluation of changes in the selected, most important soil structure parameters was based on the original methodological solution elaborated at the Department of Soil Science and Reclamation of the University of Life Sciences in Poznań in which the basic element is a regular soil aggregate of 1 cm3 volume. The following parameters were determined for such aggregates cut out from two depths of the humus layer (7 and 15 cm): dynamic water resistance (SW), static water resistance (SW), secondary aggregation after dynamic and static water action, time of capillary rise (TKMIN), capillary minimal (VKMIN) and maximal (VKMAX) water capacity and compression strength (Rc). The above-mentioned properties were determined in 5 replications. Using methods commonly employed in soil science, the following parameters were determined: texture composition, solid phase density, bulk density and porosity, hygroscopic capacity and maximal hygroscopic capacity as well as soil reaction and carbonate, carbon and nitrogen contents. Reclamation treatments applied in the course of the past 32 years and soil-forming processes taking place under their influence led to distinct changes in the morphological structure of the examined profiles, primarily, in their surface layer. The smallest morphological changes were observed in the profile sampled from the plot with long-term lucerne cultivation (so-called “conservation”). The profiles representing the fodder-cereal use system exhibited a more advanced stadium of soil-forming processes. Their humus layer was more distinctive, with dark colour, its thickness ranged from 20 to 28 cm corresponding to the depth of the performed ploughing. Identical features and better homogeneity were observed in the case of the humus horizon developed in the rape-cereal system of agricultural use, although certain differences were recorded in profile morphology depending on the level of the applied mineral fertilisation (1NPK and 2NPK). Post-mining ground which was not subjected to any reclamation treatment was found to contain the smallest quantities of organic material – carbon and nitrogen (2.65-2.84 g kg-1). The amount of oxidisable carbon in the fodder-cereal system of agricultural use was 2.5 to 3 times higher (6.45-8.82 g kg -1) than in the untreated post-mining ground irrespective of the level of mineral fertilisation. On the other hand, the amount of carbon was more varied in the rape-cereal system of use. In the case of absence of fertilisation (0NPK), this quantity was by about 50% higher in comparison with the post-mining ground and amounted to 3.1 g.kg-1. Elevated fertilisation with 1NPK and 2NPK doses increased levels of carbon to values similar as in the fodder-cereal system. The highest quantity of carbon of about 12 g.kg-1 was recorded in the humus horizon developed on the surface representing permanent lucerne (so-called “conservation”). A distinct variability was also observed in the physical properties of soils from the examined systems of agricultural use. Untreated post-mining grounds were characterised by high bulk density (1.97–2.02 Mg m-3) and, consequently, by low general porosity (23.6 to 25.3%). In the fodder-cereal use system, soil density was found to be by about 0.30 Mg m-3 lower and porosity – by about 10% higher. In the case of the rape-cereal system of agricultural use, soil density was only by about 0.1 Mg m-3 higher and general porosity – by about 5% lower in comparison with the fodder-cereal system. Bulk density and general porosity in the so-called “conservation” system of use amounted to 1.35–1.51 Mg m-3 and 42.8–48.9%, respectively, in other words, exhibited the most advantageous values of these features from the point of view of agricultural usage. Recapitulating, it should be emphasised that widely distinguished two soil-forming factors, namely: time and human activity begin to play a dominant role in the formation of soils, especially in areas which undergo large industrial geomechanical transformations mainly as a result of open-cast mining of different minerals.
PL
Rzepak odgrywa ważną rolę w żywieniu człowieka i zwierząt, a także w przemyśle technicznym. Jest jedną z nielicznych roślin zalecanych do rekultywacji gruntów pogórniczych w rejonie Konina. W pracy przedstawiono jakość nasion rzepaku uprawianego na gruntach pogórniczych użytkowanych rolniczo od 30 lat. Analizie poddano nasiona rzepaku uzyskane z trzech kombinacji nawozowych 0 NPK, 1 NPK i 2 NPK. Przeprowadzone badania wykazały, że skład kwasów tłuszczowych i ich profil ilościowy na badanych kombinacjach był zbliżony do nasion rzepaku uprawianego na glebach uprawnych. Ponad 90% stanowiły kwasy nienasycone o 18-stu atomach węgla. Najmniej korzystne warunki do zaolejenia wystąpiły na kombinacji 0 NPK. Na tej kombinacji stężenie składników w roztworze glebowym było najniższe. Nasiona rzepaku z kombinacji nawozowych 1 NPK i 2 NPK charakteryzowały się wyższą zawartością glukozynolanów niż kombinacji 0 NPK. Były to jednak wartości niższe od normy dla rzepaku dwuzerowego. Badania wykazały, że nasiona analizowanego rzepaku mogą być surowcem dla przemysłu spożywczego i technicznego.
EN
Soil structure is widely accepted as one of the most important attributes affecting its physical properties and soil humus is commonly considered as one of the most important structure-forming factors. Chemical composition of brown coal similar to that of soil humus was a premise which prompted the application of this component for soil restoration. In 1992, an experiment was established in which brown coal dust in the amount of 1000 tha-1 was applied. The experiment with brown coal comprised four combinations of mineral fertilisation: 0 NPK - without mineral fertilisation, 100 kg N.ha-1 200 kg N.ha-1 and 300 kg N.ha-1. Levels of fertilisation with phosphorus and potassium on all plots with mineral fertilisation were as follows: 40 kg P2O5.ha-1 and 80kg K2O.ha-1. The control included plots without brown coal supplementation and three fertilisation combinations: 100 kg N.ha-1, 200 kg N.ha-1 and 300 kg N.ha -1as well as potassium-phosphorus fertilisation in the amount of 40 kg P2O5.ha-1 and 80kg K2O.ha-1. In both variants winter cereals were cultivated and straw as well as post-harvest residues were ploughed under every year. Investigations of soil structures were carried out on the basis of published original methodological solutions elaborated by Rzasa and Owczarzak in which an aggregate measuring 1 cm(3) is the basis of investigations. The following parameters were determined: dynamic water resistance of soil aggregates (DW), static water resistance of soil aggregates (SW), state of secondary aggregation after dynamic and static action of water, velocity of capillary seepage (Tkmin), minimal (Vkmin) and maximal (Vkmax) capillary water capacity, aggregate compression resistance (Rc). The above-mentioned values were determined in 5 replications. Using methods commonly known and applied in soil science, texture composition, solid state density, hygroscopic capacity (H) and maximal hygroscopic capacity (MH) were also determined. The analysed samples belonged to two neighbouring texture groups sandy barns and light loams. It is evident from the performed investigations that the application of brown coal resulted in loosening of the arable soil layer. The observed increase of porosity in absolute values by approximately 15% means increase in pore numbers of about 50% in relation to the numbers of pores in the soil without brown coal supplementation. The aggregates collected from the soil without the addition of brown coal were characterised by the resistance ranging from 1.460 to 1.798 MPa. It was almost three times greater than that of aggregates with brown coal addition (0.453-0.775 MPa). The addition of coal reduced from two to five times the resistance to dynamic water action. The degree of breakdown of the analysed primary aggregates measured by the so called sum of secondary aggregates (mezo-aggregates) measuring >0.25 mm varied widely both for dynamic and static water action. The addition of brown coal worsened soil secondary aggregation. This also contributed to the increase of hygroscopic and maximal hygroscopic water capacity. The hygroscopic capacity of aggregates with the addition of brown coal was by about 50% and of maximal hygroscopic capacity - by about 100% greater in comparison with those without the addition of brown coal. Moreover, the addition of brown coal also accelerated water transfer in aggregates. Water translocation time in aggregates without the addition of brown coal was by about three times higher. Minimal capillary water capacity of soil aggregates collected from the variants without brown coal supplementation ranged from 49.3 to 55.8%, and maximal capillary water capacity - from 55.1 to 74.8%. Minimal and maximal capillary water capacity was considerably greater in aggregates collected from variants supplemented with brown coal and amounted to: from 47.4 to 83.9% and from 61.8 to 84.5%, respectively. The performed investigations revealed that the addition of brown coal loosened bulk soil in the arable soil level leading to its improved susceptibility to the action of cultivation tools. However, during periods of low total precipitation, these soils are sensitive to excessive sputtering. This was confirmed by the results associated with water resistance of soil aggregates, resistance of aggregates to compression as well as secondary aggregation following static and dynamic water action. The addition of brown coal increased possibilities of water retention but majority of this water was not easily accessible to plants as indicated by the research results concerning H and MH as well as capillary water capacity.
EN
Post-mining land created as a result of the deposition of the strippings from Konin Brown Coal Mine (Konin BCM) is being rehabilitated in accordance with principles of the target species concept developed by Bender. The rehabilitation technology realised in accordance with this concept is based on the enhancement of soil chemism and improvement of physical properties supporting the development of vegetation cover and stimulating biogeochemical processes. The basic soil-forming factor in this concept is the anthropogenic factor integrating the action of biotic and abiotic factors into a consistent, mutually supporting system of rehabilitation actions and activities whose aim is to transform, within the period of 10 years, this specific maternal material into soil. One of the forms of integration of the anthropogenic factor into the composition of the solid phase of the developing soils was the addition of brown coal dust - a by-product created in the production of briquettes. The usefulness of brow coal for fertilisation purposes stems from the composition of its organic matter as well as specific physical, physico-chemical and chemical properties. The objective of the research project was to determine the effect of the addition of brown coal on major physical and water properties of anthropogenic topsoil 18 years after application. The research object was situated on the experimental plot of the Department of Soil Science and Restoration established in 1978 on post-mining land of Patnow Mine internal dumping ground. The experiment comprised two variants. Variant A control comprised the area on which, from 1978, the applied treatments were consistent with Bender's concept of target species. In the case of variant B, on an experimental area subjected to restoration treatments for 14 years, fertilisation with brown coal dust in the amount of 1000 t.ha(-1) was applied in 1992. The following four fertiliser combinations were employed in this variant: 0 NPK (1); 100 kg N, 80 kg K2O, 40 kg P2O5 (2); 200 kg N, 80 kg K2O, 40 kg P2O5 (3); 300 kg N, 80 kg K2O, 40 kg P2O5 (4). In both experimental variants, winter cereals were cultivated. Straw and other plant residues were ploughed under every year. In 2010, soil samples of intact and broken structure (V=100 cm3) were collected from the topsoil of individual plots for laboratory exanimations. The following parameters were determined: total carbon and nitrogen, texture composition, solid phase density, soil density, total, drainage and differential porosity, hygroscopic moisture content, maximal hygroscopic capacity, filtration, soil water binding potentials, potential and effective useful retention. It was concluded, among others, that the selected major physical, chemical and water properties of the arable layer of the agriculturally rehabilitated soils in accordance with principles of the concept of target plants were at the typical level characteristic for cultivated soils of similar texture and total carbon content. The addition of brown coal to the top layer of soil developing from post-mining land caused: a decrease in the soil density as well as the density of its solid phase, increase of total porosity, increase in proportions of mezo- and micropores, enhancement in the value of hygroscopic moisture content as well as maximal hygroscopic capacity. In the examined soils, together with the increase of the applied nitrogen fertilizer doses, the content of total carbon as well as C:N ratio narrowed. This was probably due to a faster rate of organic matter mineralisation. Long-term nitrogen fertilisation comprising four combinations failed to affect diversification of the total nitrogen content. In the case of soils with the addition of brown coal, the availability of production water was extremely low. On the other hand, the content of water available for plants but bonded with strong forces was high.
PL
Kopalnie węgla brunatnego Konin i Adamów należą do kopalń wieloodkrywkowych. Wymusza to konieczność ustawicznego zajmowania nowych terenów pod eksploatację oraz pokonywania barier finansowych i prawnych. Przykładem jest odkrywka Tomisławice, w przypadku której uzyskanie decyzji środowiskowych trwało 13 lat. Teren odkrywki położony jest poza obszarem Natura 2000, a na jej powierzchni występują grunty orne należące do 8 klas bonitacyjnych. Przeważają gleby IV klas bonitacyjnych. Na terenach pogórniczych KWB "Konin" dominuje rekultywacja rolnicza, a w strukturze zasiewów lucerna. Rekultywacja rolnicza, w odróżnieniu od rekultywacji leśnej i rekreacyjnej, jest intratna dla kopalni, umożliwiając sprzedaż zbędnych i obciążonych wysokimi podatkami gruntów pogórniczych.
EN
Konin and Adamów lignite mines are multi-strip mines. Therefore, the areas for mining are expanded continuously and financial while legal obstacles have to be overcome. The example can be the open-pit mine in Tomisławice where it took 13 years to obtain environmental approvals. The mine is located outside of the Natura 2000 area and it is overlaid by arabie land included in eight soil valuation classes, from class II to class VI Rz. The majority of soils (43.56 per cent) are of average quality and included to class IV of the soil valuation classes. Due to soil conditions, it is not justified by nature or economy reasons to selectively remove the humus layer to be used to improve the usable value of the soils of lower soil valuation classes and to reconstruct soils in the post-mining areas. In the Konin post-mining areas, agricultural reclamation prevails and it covers 29.8-49.0 per cent of the dumping ground surface. Predominantly, the crops structure includes lucerne (79.3 per cent) that has become the basis for the fodder and crop system of using the areas. Unlike forest and recreational reclamation, the agricultural reclamation is profitable for mines as it allows them to sell unnecessary post-mining areas that are additionally burdened with high taxes.
PL
Praca dotyczy badań nad rekultywacją biologiczną składowiska popiołów elektrowni Adamów. Wyniki wskazują, że wykorzystanie gliny zwałowej szarej zlodowacenia środkowopolskiego i osadów ściekowych tylko do zaprawiania dołków wykopanych w skale popiołowej jest skuteczną techniką sadzenia. Jest metodą znacznie tańszą niż pokrywanie całej powierzchni warstwą tych materiałów.
EN
The paper considers the researches of biological reclamation of incineration ash disposal site of Adamów power station. The results indicates that application of gray boulder clay of Middle Poland glaciation and sewage sludge to dressing of holes dug in ash rock is an effective method. The more so this method is much cheaper than covering all of the area by these materials.
PL
Końcowa część zwałowiska wewnętrznego odkrywki Władysławów (KWB "Adamów") zbudowana jest głównie z utworów piaszczystych. Ich odczyn jest zasadowy. Ubogie są w wodę i składniki pokarmowe dla roślin. Zasobne są w związki siarki. Możliwa jest jednak w tych warunkach realizacja rekultywacji rolniczej. Plony uprawianych roślin będą bardzo niskie. Znacznie korzystniejsze będzie przeznaczenie tej powierzchni pod rekultywację rekreacyjną.
EN
The properties of post mining area which builds the final part of inner dump opencast Władysławów indicates the possibility of agricultural use of this area. The agricultural reclamation will not be sufficiently effective and the area will be abandoned by farmers. Realization of recreational reclamation of that area will prevent wasteland from coming into existence and the area will be more attractive.
14
Content available remote Jakość biomasy uzyskanej na glebie rozwijającej się z gruntów pogórniczych
PL
Badania dotyczyły wpływu dwu kombinacji 0 NPK i 1 NPK na wybrane parametry jakościowe nasion rzepaku ozimego i ziarniaków pszenicy ozimej. Badania wykazały, że nawożenie mineralne wpływa na wielkość i jakość plonów obu gatunków roślin. Wyższe plony i lepszą ich jakość uzyskano na kombinacji z nawożeniem mineralnym. Ziarniaki pszenicy ozimej nie spełniały wymogów ziarna technologicznego.
EN
The investigations concerned the influence two combinations 0 NPK and 1 NPK on some qualitative parameters of the seeds winter rape and grain winter wheat. Investigations show that mineral fertilization influenced on size and quality of crops both plants' species. Higher crops and better their quality were got on combination from fertilization mineral. The grain did not it fulfill the requirements of technological grain.
15
Content available remote Jakość biomasy uzyskanej na glebie rozwijającej się z gruntów pogórniczych
PL
Badania dotyczyły wpływu dwu kombinacji 0 NPK i 1 NPK na wybrane parametry jakościowe nasion rzepaku ozimego i ziarniaków pszenicy ozimej. Badania wykazały, że nawożenie mineralne wpływa na wielkość i jakość plonów obu gatunków roślin. Wyższe plony i lepszą ich jakość uzyskano na kombinacji z nawożeniem mineralnym. Ziarniaki pszenicy ozimej nie spełniały wymogów ziarna technologicznego.
EN
The investigations concerned the influence two combinations 0 NPK and 1 NPK on some qualitative parameters of the seeds winter rape and grain winter wheat. Investigations show that mineral fertilization influenced on size and quality of crops both plants' species. Higher crops and better their quality were got on combination from fertilization mineral. The grain did not it fulfill the requirements of technological grain.
PL
Praca dotyczy właściwości gruntów pogómiczych Kopalni Węgla Brunatnego "Konin" jako skaty glebotwórczej. Jakość pokrywy^glebowej powstającej w wyniku eksploatacji odkrywkowej węgla brunatnego jest uzależniona od czynnika antropogenicznego decydującego o doborze i stosowaniu zabiegów rekultywacyjnych. Jakość powstającej w procesie rekultywacji gleby jest wyższa niż gleb zalegających na tym terenie przed eksploatacją.
EN
The thesis concerns properties of the post mining areas of the Brown Coal Mine "Konin" and forming out of this soil parent rock of the soils. The quality of the soil cover made as a result of the post mining of the brown coal is depended on the an anthropogenical factor deciding about the selection and applying of the reclamation treatments. The quality of soil forming in the reclamation process is higher than behindhand ones on this area before the reclamation.
PL
Artykuł dotyczy właściwości gruntów pogórniczych Kopalni Węgla Brunatnego Konin i powstających z tej skały glebotwórczej gleb. Jakość pokrywy glebowej powstającej w wyniku eksploatacji odkrywkowej węgla brunatnego jest uzależniona od czynnika antropogenicznego decydującego o doborze i stosowaniu zabiegów rekultywacyjnych. Jakość powstającej w procesie rekultywacji gleby jest wyższa niż gleb zalegających na tym terenie przed eksploatacją.
EN
The thesis concerns properties of the post mining areas of the Brown Coal Mine Konin and forming out of this soil parent rock of the soils. The quality of the soil cover made as a result of the post mining of the brown coal is depended on the an anthropogenical factor deciding about the selection and applying of the reclamation treatments. The quality of soil forming in the reclamation process is higher than behindhand ones on this area before the reclamation.
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