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Crack detection of high-strength wind turbine bolts based on fiber bragg grating sensors

Chen Yu-Tao, Zhou Peng, Chen Li-Yun, Gu Guo-Qing, Dai Li-Ya, Wang Yong-Qing

Metrology and Measurement Systems

2024

Vol. 31, nr 3

511--528

With the rapid development of the wind energy industry, there is an increasing concern about operation safety and reliability of high-strength wind turbine bolts. The aim of this paper is to monitor the strain change around the cracks in wind turbine bolts by means of fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors for crack detection. Firstly, the strain distributions of wind turbine bolts’ cracks with different locations and angles in the service condition are simulated using finite element analysis (FEA). Then, three-point grating string FBG sensors were pasted on the surface of wind turbine bolts with fatigue cracks to monitor the strain changes around the cracks in real time. By analysing the monitored strain data elaborately, the location of the crack on the bolt surface was successfully detected by identifying the location of the maximum strain detected by FBG sensors. In addition, the strain distributions in the vicinity area of the crack at different angles (0˚, 45˚ and 90˚) were also monitored and analysed in depth. The different types of crack angles could be distinguished based on of different strain distribution of the vicinity of the crack tip at different angles. The experimental results show that the FBG sensing technology has a high degree of sensitivity and accuracy in crack detection of high-strength wind turbine bolts.

Non-destructive detection of high-strength wind turbine bolt looseness using digital image correlation

Xie Wei-Guo, Zhou Peng, Chen Li-Yun, Gu Guo-Qing, Wang Yong-Qing, Chen Yu-Tao

Metrology and Measurement Systems

2023

Vol. 30, nr 4

839--850

Looseness of high-strength wind turbine bolts is one of the main types of mechanical failure that threaten the quality and safety of wind turbines, and how to non-destructively detect bolt loosening is essential to accurate assessment of operational reliability of wind turbine structures. Therefore, to address the issue of looseness detection of high-strength wind turbine bolts, this paper proposes a non-destructive detection method based on digital image correlation (DIC). Firstly, the mathematical relationships between the in-plane displacement component of the bolt’s nut surface, the bolt’s preload force loss and the bolt loosening angle are both deduced theoretically. Then, experimental measurements are respectively conducted with DIC with different small bolt loosening angles. The results show that the bolt loosening angle detection method based on DIC has a detection accuracy of over 95%, and the bolt’s preload force loss evaluated by the deduced relationship has a good agreement with the empirical value. Therefore, the proposed DIC-based bolt loosening angle detection method can meet the requirements of engineering inspection, and can achieve quantitative assessment of preload forces loss of wind turbine bolt.