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Energy storage in carbon materials.

McEnaney B.

Prace Naukowe Instytutu Chemii i Technologii Nafty i Węgla Politechniki Wrocławskiej. Konferencje

2002

Vol. 10, nr 57

11-21

A review of energy storage technologies based on carbonaceous material, lithium ion batteries, supercapacitors, and fuel gas storage. Relevant properties of the carbons are emphasized and the different forms of carbon used are presented. lithium ion batteries incorporate carbon anodes and the mechanisms of storage of lithium ion and associated electrochemical storage capacities of different forms of carbon are surveyed. The performance of supercapacitors using activated carbon, carbon aerogels or carbon nanotubes as capacitor materials are discussed and aspects requiring further development are identified. The requirements for adsorbing natural gas in carbons are listed and the performance of different forms of carbon for this function is assessed. The ability of carbonaceous materials to store significant quantities of hydrogen at room temp. is also discussed. The very high hydrogen storage capacities claimed for certain carbon nanofibers are evaluated. The performance of the different energy storage methods are compared and the status of each technology is assessed.