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2 Journal of Ecological Engineering

2 2019

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Evaluation of Several Biochar Types as Inoculant Carrier for Indigenous Phosphate Solubilizing Microoorganism from Acid Sulphate Soil

Husna Nurul, Budianta Dedik, Munandar, Napoleon Adipati

Journal of Ecological Engineering

2019

Vol. 20, nr 6

1--8

The research aimed at evaluating four biochar types which have the most adequate characteristics as inoculant carrier of indigenous Phosphate Solubilizing Microorganism (PSM) from acid sulphate soil. The observed biochar characteristics consist of the bulk density, total pore space, water holding capacity, C organic, N, pH, EC, charcoal percentage, and ash content. The pore diameters and photomicrograph of biochar were observed by using SEM. The viability test was conducted in order to determine the appropriateness of biochar as PSM inoculant through inoculation on four biochar types made of rice husk, coconut shell, corncob, and oil palm empty bunch, followed by six months storage period. Monthly observation was conducted related to the PSM population, pH, and moisture content. The results show that interaction of biochar types and storage periods has no significant effect on the PSM viability, pH, and moisture content. The PSM viability of four biochars after six months storage period is relatively stable in the range of log 7.07 cfu.g-1 to log 9.18 cfu.g-1. The highest PSM viability was found on coconut shell biochar with the magnitude of log 9.18 cfu.g-1 and pH of 7.01 as well as moisture content of 26.86% after six months storage period. This research offers the advantage of using agricultural waste substance as biochar that capable to maintain microbial viability with six months storage period.

Biomethane Emissions: Measurement in Wastewater Pond at Palm Oil Mill by Using TGS2611 Methane Gas Sensor

Putro Ledis Heru Saryono, Budianta Dedik, Rohendi Dedi, Rejo Amin

Journal of Ecological Engineering

2019

Vol. 20, nr 6

25--35

Palm oil mill effluent (POME) contains high amounts of organic matter, potentially as a source of environmental pollution. The processing of POME in anaerobic ponds is produced by biomethane, which is a greenhouse gas and also is a potential as a renewable energy source. Indonesia is the world’s largest CPO producer, but POME processing is still mostly done by conventional methods without methane capture. In this system, the value of methane emitted into the atmosphere is unknown. This research focused on estimating the methane emissions in anaerobic ponds (AP) multiple feeding wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) for land applications, with CH4-meter systems based on TGS2611 sensors, SHT11 and microcontrollers, and using closed static chambers. The sampling of wastewater and methane gas was carried out in October-November 2018. The results showed that the methane gas emissions in combined anaerobic ponds (AP2-AP1) and AP3 were 43,704 and 35,321 mg/m2/day respectively, and a total of 405.358 and 61.812 kg/day sequential on AP2-AP1 (9,275 m2) and AP3 (1,750 m m2). It was obtained from the correlation between methane emissions with removed COD as a conversion coefficient of 0.2107 kg CH4/kg COD removed. On the basis of linear regression with R22 0.9725, it was still below the theoretical value (stoichiometry) of 0.25 kg CH4/kg COD removed. From the conversion coefficient, COD removed, and the amount of POME in 2018, which was 104,179 m3, contributed to emitting 462 tons of methane from the entire anaerobic pond. This conversion coefficient can be used to quickly estimate the methane emissions in Indonesian palm oil mills.