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1
Rozwój i problematyka komunikacji między urządzeniami (M2M)
Gierszal H., Pawlina K., Czaja M., Matuszewski P., Hołubowicz W.
Przegląd Telekomunikacyjny + Wiadomości Telekomunikacyjne
|
2016
|
nr 6
629--632, CD
PL
W artykule zaprezentowano analizę rynku usług komunikacji między urządzeniami (M2M), który rozwija się dynamicznie m.in. w ramach rozwiązań internetu rzeczy. Skupiono się na problematyce adresowania urządzeń końcowych związanej z planem numeracji krajowej i jego pojemnością, a także na ewolucji kart SIM.
EN
Paper presents the analysis of M2M market that becomes more and more popular due to applications of Internet of Thing. The main focus is on numbering capacity and evolution of a SIM card.
2
Influence of Urban Transport on Heavy Metals Accumulation in the Leaves of Lime Trees in Cracow
Czaja M., Kołton A., Baran A., Muras P.
Logistyka
|
2014
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nr 4
4193--4197, CD6
EN
Traffic related pollution became an increasing problem in cities. Leaves of trees can be effective cleaners of the polluted areas. The aim of the study was to investigate the concentration of heavy metals accumulated inside the leaves and on the leaf blades of lime trees. We also wanted to find the correlation between concentration of heavy metals inside the leaves and in the soil. It is thought that heavy metals which are not correlated with soil concentration might be uptake from the street dust. Plant material was collected from Tilia tomentosa trees growing along road with heavy traffic in Cracow. Concentration of heavy metals were assessed in the plant material and soil samples collected from the area of the crowns. Presented study showed that street dust arising can affect the plant uptake of the heavy metals.
PL
Zanieczyszczenia związane z natężeniem ruchu drogowego w miastach stają się coraz większym problemem. Liście drzew mogą z powodzeniem oczyszczać środowisko z zanieczyszczeń. Celem badań było określenie poziomu akumulacji metali ciężkich w liściach i na liściach lip. Dodatkowo próbowano znaleźć korelację pomiędzy zawartością metali w liściach i w glebie. Materiał roślinny pobierano z lip srebrzystych (Tiliatomentosa) rosnących w wzdłuż drogi o dużym natężeniu ruchu, w Krakowie. Zawartość metali ciężkich oznaczono w materiale roślinnym oraz w glebie pobieranej w zasięgu koron badanych drzew. Badania wykazały, że pył drogowy może wpływać na pobieranie metali ciężkich przez rośliny.
3
Content available Influence of platinum ions on the germination and seedling root growth of different plant species
Kołton A., Czaja M.
Geology, Geophysics and Environment
|
2014
|
Vol. 40, no. 4
343--348
EN
For several decades an increase of platinum in the environment was recorded. This is connected with the release of platinum from automobile catalytic converters and pharmaceutical industries. In the conducted experiments the effect of various forms and concentrations of platinum on the germination and roots growth of different plants (oat, garden cress and tomato) was investigated. Two separate experiments were performed with lower (experiment 1st: 1, 5 and 10 mg/L) and higher (experiment 2nd: 10, 20 and 40 mg/L) [Pt(NH3)4](NO3)2 or PtCl4 dosages. There was no significant effect of dose and form of platinum on the germination of seeds (experiment 1st and 2nd). The effect of platinum containing substances dose on root growth of young seedlings was observed during experiment, dependent on the species of tested plants. The root length of oat plants was similar in all treatments in experiment 1st. The shortest tomato roots were observed in the case of a 10 mg/L of PtCl4, it was statistically shorter than the control plants (treated with water) as well. The roots of the tomato treated with [Pt(NH3)4](NO3)2 were the same length as observed for the control sample. The garden cress root growth was not affected by [Pt(NH3)4](NO3)2, but a solution containing Pt4+ stimulated the root growth. The roots of tomato and oat treated with [Pt(NH3)4](NO3)2 had similar length as the control plants in contrast to the far shorter roots treated with PtCl4 (experiment 2nd). Moreover, the treatment with [Pt(NH3)4](NO3)2 stimulated the growth of garden cress roots compared to the control, while only the lowest dose of PtCl4 stimulated the root growth.
4
Content available Influence of platinum ions on phenolic compounds in Lepidium sativum seedlings
Czaja M., Kołton A., Muras P.
Geology, Geophysics and Environment
|
2014
|
Vol. 40, no. 4
319--324
EN
Despite limiting the transport emitted pollution, contamination of the roadside environment remains an important issue. Due to necessity to decrease the lead emission, catalytic converters modifications were introduced. It caused increase of Platinum Group Elements (PGEs) emission, which was rare in the environment before. So far there is lack of information about platinum contamination to functioning of plants which are so important in the urban environment. In the experiment garden cress (Lepidium sativum) were sown into Petri dishes filled with filter paper soaked with solutions of different platinum concentration. There were used two compounds containing platinum at different oxidation states PtCl4 - ssolutions containing 0.58, 2.89, 5.79, 11.58 and 23.16 mg Pt4+•dm−3 and [Pt(NH3)4] (NO3)2 - solutions containing 0.50, 2.52, 5.04, 10.08 and 20.15 mg Pt2+•dm−3 in every combination of the experiment. In every combination there were five Petri dishes, experiment was repeated twice. To estimate plant response to stress factor, phenolic compounds contents were analyzed in the roots and shoots parts separately. The highest amount of total phenolics in roots was recorded in plants treated with highest Pt4+ dose which was 23.16 mg•dm−3, seeds treated with other doses of platinum (including those treated with highest dose of Pt2+ did not differ significantly from control plants. In the case of phenolic compounds in the aboveground parts of seedlings there was highest accumulation than in roots. Highest amounts of phenolics were recorded in plants also treated with Pt4+ in doses 11.58 and 23.16 mg•dm−3.
5
Właściwości chemiczne gleb z terenów miejskich na początku sezonu wegetacyjnego
Czaja M., Kołton A., Baran A.
Logistyka
|
2013
|
nr 4
PL
Zanieczyszczenie gleb miejskich spowodowane wysokim natężeniem ruchu drogowego jest coraz powszechniej dyskutowanym zagadnieniem. Szkody środowiskowe spowodowane przez transport stają się uciążliwym problemem uniemożliwiającym prawidłowy rozwój roślin w obszarach zurbanizowanych. Celem badań było poznanie właściwości gleb z terenów miejskich wczesną wiosną oraz porównanie ich w różnej odległości od drogi. Wykonano analizę gleby z trzech miejsc zlokalizowanych przy Al. Powstania Warszawskiego, pomiędzy Rondem Grzegórzeckim a Rondem Mogilskim w Krakowie. W badanych próbkach gleby oznaczono zawartość metali ciężkich, węgla organicznego, przewodność elektrolityczną właściwą (EC) oraz pH gleby.
EN
Contamination of city soils affected by high street traffic is commonly discussed issue. Environmental damages affected by transport are becoming oppressive problem, which prevents normal plant development in urban complexes. The aim of the study was observation of the city soil properties during early spring and comparing points located in different distances from the road. Soil condition were investigated in three different places localized along Powstania Warszawskiego Avenue, between Grzegórzeckie roundabout and Mogilskie roundabout in Cracow. In the analyzed samples content of metals, organic content (organic carbon), electrolytic conductance (EC) and pH of the soil were assayed.
6
Content available remote Influence of thermo-plastic deformation on grain size of high-manganese austenitic X11MnSiAl17-3-1 steel
Dobrzański L.A., Czaja M., Borek W., Labisz K.
Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering
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2013
|
Vol. 61, nr 2
169--174
EN
Purpose: The aim of the paper is to compare fragmentation of grains after thermo-mechanical treatment using Gleeble 3800 simulator of high-manganese austenitic X11MnSiAl7-1-3 steel. Design/methodology/approach: The hot-working behaviour was determined 4- and 8-stage compression tests performed in a temperature range of 850 to 1100°C by the use of the Gleeble 3800 thermo-mechanical simulator. The comparison between two type of thermo-mechanical treatment has been established based on microstructure research and X-ray diffraction analysis. Findings: It was found that steel X11MnSiAl7-1-3 in initial state and after thermo-mechanical treatment on Gleeble simulator has homogeneous austenite structure. Compression tests were realized in the temperature range from 850 to 1050°C with the true strain 4x0.23 for 4-stage process, and 0.4 in the first deformation, and 0.25 and 0.2 in the following deformations for 8-stage process. The multi-stage compression examination gives the possibility to refine the austenite microstructure. Based on microstructures research were found that this process perfectly led to fragmentation of the material structure which may result in the ideal material properties. Practical implications: The obtained microstructure after Gleeble simulations can be useful in determination of power-force parameters of hot-rolling for thin sheets to obtain fine-grained austenitic microstructures. Originality/value: The hot-working behaviour and microstructure evolution in various conditions of plastic deformation for new-developed high-manganese austenitic steels were investigated.
7
Content available remote Structure of X11MnSiAl17-1-3 steel after hot-rolling and Gleeble simulations
Dobrzański L., Borek W., Czaja M., Mazurkiewicz J.
Archives of Materials Science and Engineering
|
2013
|
Vol. 61, nr 1
13--21
EN
Purpose: The aim of the paper is to compare results after thermo-mechanical simulation using Gleeble 3800 and hot-rolling on LPS module of high-manganese austenitic X11MnSiAl7-1-3 steel. Design/methodology/approach: The hot-working behaviour was determined in continuous, 4- and 8-stage compression tests performed in a temperature range of 850 to 1100°C by the use of the Gleeble 3800 thermo-mechanical simulator and LPS module for semi-industrial hot rolling. The comparison between two processes has been established based on microstructure research and X-ray diffraction analysis. Findings: It was found that austenite microstructure with numerous annealing twins in the initial state was obtained. 4-stage compression tests were realized in the temperature range from 850 to 1050°C with the true strain 4x0.23. 8-stage compression test were performed in the same temperature range and with true strain of 0.4 in the first deformation, and 0.25 and 0.2 in the following deformations. The multi-stage compression examination gives the possibility to refine the austenite microstructure. Based on this research hot-rolling on LPS module in the temperature range from 1100°C to 850°C was realized. Based on microstructures research were found that this process is not perfect due to longer intervals between successive passes and inability to control the temperatures of following passes. Practical implications: The obtained stress-strain curves relationship and microstructure after Gleeble simulations can be useful in determination of power-force parameters of hot-rolling for thin sheets to obtain fine-grained austenitic microstructures. Originality/value: The hot-working behavior and microstructure evolution in various conditions of plastic deformation for new-developed high-manganese austenitic steels were investigated.
8
Content available remote Nowe aromatyczne poliamidoimidy - synteza oraz właściwości termiczne i fotoluminescencyjne
Grabiec E., Schab-Balcerzak E., Czaja M., Bodył S., Grobelny Ł., Kurcok K.
Polimery
|
2008
|
T. 53, nr 6
425-432
PL
Otrzymano nowe aromatyczne poliamidoimidy (PAI) na drodze wysokotemperaturowej polikondensacji uprzednio zsyntetyzowanych we własnym zakresie kilku różnych diamidodibezwodników i trzech rozmaitych diamin: 1,5-diaminonaftalenu, 4,4'-(heksafluoroizopropylideno)dianiliny bądź 2,6-diaminoantrachinonu. Budowę chemiczną uzyskanych PAI potwierdzono metodami FT-IR i NMR oraz analizą elementarną. Badane poliamidoimidy charakteryzują się dużą odpornością termiczną zarówno w atmosferze azotu, jak i powietrza oraz wysoką temperaturą zeszklenia mieszczącą się w przedziale 220-265°C. Ocena właściwości optycznych i fotoluminescencyjnych PAI w roztworze N-metylopirolidonu-2 wykazała, że emitują one, w zależności od struktury, światło o długości fali z przedziału 405-572nm.
EN
New aromatic polyamideimides (PAI) were synthesized by high temperature polycondensation from diamidedianhydrides (formerly prepared by us) and diamines: 1,5-diaminonaphthalene, 4,4'-(hexafluoro-isopropylidene)-dianiline or 2,6-diamineanthraquinone. Chemical structures of PAI obtained (Fig. 1) were confirmed by FTIR (Fig. 2) and NMR (Fig. 3) methods and by elemental analysis. Polyamideimides studied showed high thermal stability both in nitrogen or air atmosphere as well as high glass transition temperature in the range 220-265°C (Table 1). An evaluation of optical and photoluminescent properties of PAI in NMP solutions (Fig. 4 and 5) showed that they emit the light of wavelength in the range 405-572nm, dependently on the structure.
9
Content available Analysis of aromatic fractions of low-temperature coal tars with the use of synchronous luminescence technique
Matuszewska A., Czaja M.
Polish Geological Institute Special Papers
|
2002
|
Vol. 7
181-188
EN
The qualitative analysis by synchronous luminescence technique was performed on aromatic fractions of primary tars obtained from humic and sapropelic coals (from Upper Silesia Basin). The synchronous luminescence technique, called also the technique of spectral fractionation, consists in the record of a spectrum at the constant difference between the positions of emission and excitation monochromators (Dl). This difference is calculated as a result of subtraction of effective emission and excitation wavelengths characterising compounds identified in investigated mixture. In relation with conventional luminescence technique, giving broad, low resolved bands in the conditions of ambient temperature, the synchronous luminescence technique enables to obtain well resolved and simplified spectra that facilitate the identification of individual components of the mixture. The application of this technique to analysis of aromatic fractions composition of primary tars from coals of various genesis and technological properties (sapropelic and humic coals) has shown a general similarity of composition with predomination of aromatic compounds containing 2-4 condensed rings. In the sample derived from sapropelic coal, a markedly higher intensity of bands is observed, attributed to aromatics of lower condensation degree (2-3 condensed rings), in relation with the bands of aromatics with higher intensity (3-4 condensed rings). The reverse relation is observed for sample from humic coal. In both analysed samples, a series of the following individual compounds has been identified from groups of aromatics: naphthalenes, acenaphthenes, benzofluorenes, anthracenes, pyrenes, and benz(a)anthracenes. Smaller amounts of benz(a)pyrenes, benz(ghi)perylene, and 3, 4-9, 10-dibenzopyrene were also encountered. The technique of synchronous luminescence made possible, therefore, the identification of individual components of complex mixture of aromatic compounds in coal derived products. This technique is thus of great value for the characteristics of aromatic compounds in thermolysis products of coal, in the cognitive aspect, as well as in monitoring of environment.
10
The Influence of Solvent in Binary Acetonitrile -Water Solvent Systems on Dissociation Constants of Protonated Pyridine and Its N-Oxide
Wróbel R., Makowski M., Czaja M., Chmurzyński L.
Polish Journal of Chemistry
|
2001
|
Vol. 75, nr 11
1767-1774
EN
Using a 2,6-dinitrophenol - tetra-n-butylammonium 2,6-dinitrophenolate standardizing system, the application of the previously proposed method for pKa determination of potentiometric standards in binary solvent systems consisting of an organic polar solvent (acetonitrile in this case) and water was checked. The reliability of the obtained pKa values of 2,6-dinitrophenol was checked in a system of protonated pyridine in acetonitrile - water mixtures over the range of 0 through 1 mole fraction of acetonitrile, for which literature data were available. The method checked in this way was subsequently used to determine pKa of protonated pyridine N-oxide in this binary solvent system. pKa values served for discussion of the variations of pKa's of cationic acids conjugated with pyridine and its N-oxide and of the influence of composition of the binary solvent.
11
Technika synchronicznej luminescencji w analizie związków aromatycznych w próbkach środowiskowych
Matuszewska A., Czaja M.
Karbo
|
2001
|
Nr 1
12-16
PL
Przedstawiono jakościową analizę frakcji związków aromatycznych, uzyskanej z ekstraktu pyłu zawieszonego w powietrzu z regionu Górnego Śląska. W analizie wykorzystano technikę synchronicznej lumine-scencji, polegającej na rejestracji widm przy zastosowaniu stałej różnicy pozycji monochromatorów: ekscytacji i emisji (AX). Określony wstępnie zakres stopnia kondensacji związków aromatycznych wskazywał na obecność układów 2-6 pierścieniowych, przy czym w rejestrowanych widmach najwyraźniej zaznaczały się związki z grupy: antracenów, benzo(a)antracenów, pirenów i benzo(a)pirenów. Stwierdzono także obecność związków z grupy: naftalenu, benzofluorenu, fenantrenu, ben-zofenantrenu, chryzenu, fluorantenu i antantrenu.
EN
Quality analysis of aromatic compound fracture has been presented taken from an airborne from the Upper Silesian region. Synchronic luminescence technique was used in the analysis consisting in registration of spectra with the application of permanent difference of monochroma-tors position difference: excitation and emission (^Lambda). The initially determined degree of condensation of aromatic compounds indicted to the presence of 2-6 ring systems whereas in the spectra registered the compounds were present from the group of: anthracenes, benzo(o) anthracenes, pyrenes and benzo(a) pyrenes. Also, the presence of compounds was determined from the group of: naphthalene, benzofluorene, phenanthrene, chrysene, fluaranthene and ananthrene.
12
Synchronous luminescence technique in investigations of aromatic fraction obtained from extract of urban suspended air dust from industrial region
Matuszewska A., Czaja M.
Zeszyty Naukowe. Górnictwo / Politechnika Śląska
|
2000
|
z. 246
343-363
EN
The quantitative fluorescence analysis was performed of aromatic fraction obtained from extract of air dust from Upper Silesia region. The synchronous luminescence technique was used for the investigations. This technique enables a direct identification of individual mixture components thanks to special conditions of measurements and on the basis of spectral characteristic of respective standards. In this manner a series of hydrocarbons was identified, mainly from groups of : naphthalenes, phenanthenes, anthracenes, benzophenanthrenes, benz(a)anthracenes, chrysenes, pyrenes and benz(a)pyrenes.
PL
Wykonano jakościową analizę fluorescencyjną frakcji aromatycznej uzyskanej z ekstraktu pyłu z powietrza z regionu Górnego Śląska. W analizie wykorzystano technikę synchronicznej luminescencji, która umożliwia bezpośrednią identyfikację składników mieszaniny dzięki specjalnym warunkom pomiaru oraz na podstawie charakterystyki spektralnej odpowiednich wzorców. Zidentyfikowano w ten sposób szereg węglowodorów głównie z grupy naftalenów, fenantrenów, antrcetnó, benzofenantrenów, benzo(a)antracenów, chryzenów, pirenów i benzo(a)pirenów.
13
The use of fluorescence analysis and absorption UV spectrophotometry to the investigation or aromatic fractions of the hard coal thermolysis products
Matuszewska A., Czaja M.
Polish Journal of Applied Chemistry
|
1999
|
Vol. 43, nr 3-4
205-222
EN
Thermolysis products of a hard coal heated up to 520°C were distilled up to temperature of 270°C and a residue obtained was submitted to fractionation with the use of thin layer chromatography method (tic). Isolated aromatic fraction was separated onto four narrower fractions differing in colour of fluorescence light. The samples obtained in this manner and standards of aromatic compounds were investigated using ultra-violet absorption spectroscopy and fluorescence emission method. Particular attention was paid to the use of a synchronous luminescence technique. Potentials and limits of this technique have been described.
14
Niektóre aspekty analizy fluorescencyjnej węglowodorów aromatycznych w produktach termicznej przeróbki węgla
Matuszewska A, Czaja M.
Karbo
|
1999
|
Nr 2
46-52
PL
Przedstawiono niektóre możliwości jakościowej analizy metodą f1uorescencji wybranych produktów termolizy węgli. Dla badanych pr6-bek i wzorc6w zaprezentowano widma absorpcyjne, widmo wzbudzenia, widma emisyjne oraz widma zarejestrowane techniką tzw. syn-chronicznej luminescencji. Badania prowadzono w temperaturze pokojowej. Uzyskane wyniki por6wnano z otrzymanymi metodą kapilarnej chromatografii gazowej .
EN
Some possibilities of qualitative analysis by means of fluorescence method for selected products of coal thermal processing, have been presented. For selected samples and reference substances it was shown ab-sorption, excitation and emission spectra as well as spectra registered by the so-called synchronous luminescence. Investigations were made in a room temperature. Obtained results have been compared with data rece-ived by the method of capillary gas chromatography.
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