This paper presents a new method of aligning workpieces for machining by means of optical measurements followed by the results of verification tests of this method. The overview of modern assessment methods of irregularly shaped blanks are discussed in this study, with particular emphasis on cast iron castings, as well as on problems related to their positioning and fixing for machining. A flowchart of the proposed method and its verification results in industrial conditions are also presented. The essence of the method is based on the comparison of two spatial models: a designed workpiece model and the actual model of a casting produced with a coordinate measuring technique. A series of six iron castings were tested. The obtained results indicate that the errors caused by locating amounted to a maximum of 2 mm (average 0.5 mm) and were three times lower than actual machining allowances. This points to the correctness of the developed method and the great potential for its industrial application. Additionally, a method for improving locating accuracy by modifying the shape of the retaining pin is presented.
The eccentric rolling transmission consists of rolling bearings mounted eccentrically on the input shaft, cooperating with cam wheels, which are mounted on the output shaft. The aim of this paper was to determine the sensitivity of the transmission to the manufacturing errors of the cam wheel. Two methods of cam wheels milling using a universal CNC machining center were proposed. The measurements of manufactured wheels were performed using a blue light 3D scanner, which allowed the determination of geometric dimensions and deviations from nominal geometry. The experimental research of the eccentric rolling transmission prototype equipped with manufactured cam wheels was conducted, measuring the torque on the gear shafts as a function of its angular position. On the basis of the obtained results, the impact of manufacturing errors on the operation of the transmission unit was examined, especially in terms of torque and efficiency. It was indicated that the machining using ball nose end mill ensures sufficient accuracy of the cam wheels.
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