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EN
Access to up-to-date information on technology, innovation, source publications, and the materials and services offered in a particular industry is very important for both industrial plants and departmental research centres. It should be noted that obtaining such information using publicly available search engines such as Google, Yahoo!, Bing, Bindu (mainly used in China) is only apparently easy because, due to their versatility, they deliver results with great redundancy. This leads to the need to analyze large data sets by linguistic methods or "manually", which is very tedious and time consuming. In this situation, it was considered reasonable to undertake studies aimed at acquiring relatively simple IT tools, i.e. crawlers, which allow their users to selectively search for information in a particular problem area, which in this particular case is casting. The intention of this work was to collect and analyze the experimental material that would allow describing the characteristics of the above solutions from the point of view of the range of their application, the quality of the results achieved, and possible limitations and preferences taking into account user needs.
EN
This work presents the project of the application of Case-based reasoning (CBR) methodology to an advisory system. This system should give an assistance by selection of proper alloying additives in order to obtain a material with predetermined mechanical properties. The considered material is silumin EN AC-46000 (hypoeutectic Al-Si alloy) that is modified by the addition of Cr, Mo, V and W elements in the range from 0% to 0.5% in the modified alloy. The projected system should indicate to the user the content of particular additives so that the obtained material is in the chosen range of parameters: tensile strength Rm, yield strength Rp0.2, elongation A and hardness HB. The CBR methodology solves new problems basing on the solutions of similar problems resolved in the past. The advantage of the CBR application is that the advisory system increases knowledge base as the subsequent use of the system. The presented design of the advisory system also considers issues related to the ergonomics of its operation.
EN
High complexity of the physical and chemical processes occurring in liquid metal is the reason why it is so difficult, impossible even sometimes, to make analytical models of these phenomena. In this situation, the use of heuristic models based on the experimental data and experience of technicians is fully justified since, in an approximate manner at least, they allow predicting the mechanical properties of the metal manufactured under given process conditions. The study presents a methodology applicable in the design of a heuristic model based on the formalism of the logic of plausible reasoning (LPR). The problem under consideration consists in finding a technological variant of the process that will give the desired product parameters while minimizing the cost of production. The conducted tests have shown the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
EN
The aim of this study is to design and implement a computer system, which will allow the semantic cataloging and data retrieval in the field of cast iron processing. The intention is to let the system architecture allow for consideration of data on various processing techniques based on the information available or searched by a potential user. This is achieved by separating the system code from the knowledge of the processing operations or from the chemical composition of the material being processed. This is made possible by the creation and subsequent use of formal knowledge representation in the form of ontology. So, any use of the system is associated with the use of ontologies, either as an aid for the cataloging of new data, or as an indication of restrictions imposed on the data which draw user attention. The use of formal knowledge representation also allows consideration of semantic meaning, a consequence of which may be, for example, returning all elements in subclasses of the searched process class or material grade.
5
Content available System CastExpert do diagnostyki wad odlewów
PL
Prace dotyczące systemu ekspertowego CastExpert prowadzone są w Instytucie Odlewnictwa od wielu lat i obejmowały kolejno: dopracowanie struktury wewnętrznej systemu i procedur diagnostycznych, wzbogacenie bazy wiedzy (w tym wykorzystanie technik multimedialnych), doskonalenie interfejsu użytkownika [1−8]. Najnowsza wersja tego systemu, zrealizowana w wyniku kolejnych modyfikacji, określona jest nazwą CastExpert++. Artykuł opisuje architekturę systemu i sposób działania z perspektywy użytkownika.
EN
The investigations of the CastExpert system have been conducted at the Foundry Research Institute for many years now, including the following: perfecting the internal structure of the system and diagnostic procedures, enriching the knowledge base (including the use of multimedia techniques), perfecting the user interface [1−8], etc. The latest version of this system, developed as a result of further modifications, is named CastExpert++. The article describes the architecture of the system and its functions from the point of view of the user.
EN
The objective of studies presented in this publication was structuring of research knowledge about the ADI functional properties and changes in these properties due to material treatment. The results obtained were an outcome of research on the selection of a format of knowledge representation that would be useful in further work aiming at the design, application and implementation of an effective system supporting the decisions of a technologist concerning the choice of a suitable material (ADI in this case) and appropriate treatment process (if necessary). ALSV(FD) logic allows easy modelling of knowledge, which should let addressees of the target system carry out knowledge modelling by themselves. The expressiveness of ALSV (FD) logic allows recording the values of attributes from the scope of the modelled domain regarding ADI, which is undoubtedly an advantage in the context of further use of the logic. Yet, although the logic by itself does not allow creating the rules of knowledge, it may form a basis for the XTT format that is rule-based notation. The difficulty in the use of XTT format for knowledge modelling is acceptable, but formalism is not suitable for the discovery of rules, and therefore the knowledge of technologist is required to determine the impact of process parameters on values that are functional properties of ADI. The characteristics of ALSV(FD) logic and XTT formalism, described in this article, cover the most important aspects of a broadly discussed, full evaluation of the applicability of these solutions in the construction of a system supporting the decisions of a technologist.
7
Content available remote Heuristic modeling of casting processes under the conditions uncertainty
EN
In the first part of this paper will be described an analysis of control problems and technical lifetime modeling of continuous casting device crystallizers. A full exploitation of continuous casting equipment (CCE) advantages can only be achieved through a control system that minimizes all undesirable effects on the technological process. Some of the undesirable effects influencing the CCE process effectiveness are the failures and service interruptions. This problem was solved by connection of dependability theory and artificial neural networks. The second part of the article refers to a model in linguistic form used to identify the type of defects present in the tested casting. This model, having the form of an attribute table, has been based on the concepts taken from the theory of rough sets and fuzzy logic. A methodology for construction of a heuristic model of linguistic knowledge was presented along with an example of its implementation based on the use of distributed sources of knowledge.
8
Content available remote Intelligent interface for decision support system in metallurgical domain
EN
Extensive decision support system composed of several modules providing different functionalities for the user can be a challenge in designing of a usable, plain and consistent user interface. A characteristic of advisory systems in the domain of metallurgy is their complex architecture designed to deal with multiple types of tasks in many areas. The objective of this paper is to present the possibility of creating an intelligent interface providing the user with complete freedom to act without precise knowledge of the multiple functionality of the system. The paper presents the architecture of developed advisory system in the domain of metallurgy enriched with the description of mechanisms, which enable obtaining an intelligent user interface. The intelligent user interface should guide the user at navigation through all system modules in order to meet all needs that are the reason for this system usage. In designing of such interface, the Case-Based Reasoning methodology is proposed to be used. Case-Based Reasoning ensures a pattern for building systems that are able to learn on the basis of human actions associated with human decisions and use such knowledge to resolve the currently appearing problems. Each user query directed to the system, and each of his decisions about the choice of functionalities of the system modules supplies the system with the crucial information on proper use of the whole decision support unit related with the needs of a user. Skillful use of this knowledge can provide convenient and efficient performance of intelligent interface.
PL
Rozległy system wspomagania decyzji złożony z kilku modułów zapewniających różne funkcjonalności użytkownikowi stanowi wyzwanie w projektowaniu użytecznego, prostego i spójnego interfejsu. Specyfiką systemów doradczych w zakresie metalurgii jest stopień skomplikowania ich architektury zaprojektowanej celem wspierania różnorodnych typów zadań w wielu obszarach. Celem tego artykułu jest prezentacja możliwości stworzenia inteligentnego interfejsu zapewniającego użytkownikowi pełną swobodę działania nawet w sytuacji, gdy nie zna on dokładnie wszystkich funkcjonalności systemu. Artykuł przedstawia architekturę tworzonego systemu wspomagania decyzji w zakresie metalurgii wzbogaconą o opis mechanizmu pozwalającego skonstruować inteligentny interfejs. Interfejs taki powinien wspomagać użytkownika w nawigacji po modułach systemu tak, aby użycie systemu było najefektywniejsze. Do tworzenia takiego mechanizmu zaproponowano metodykę wnioskowania epizodycznego (Case-Based Reasoning, CBR). CBR stanowi wzorzec tworzenia systemów uczących się na podstawie przeszłych zachowań użytkownika związanych z wykorzystaniem systemu w rozwiązywaniu problemów. Wiedza o poprzednich zachowaniach i wyborach użytkownika służy do wspomagania bieżących problemów. Każde zapytanie użytkownika skierowane do systemu oraz każdy jego wybór użycia poszczególnych funkcjonalności modułów systemu wzbogaca system o cenną wiedzę: właściwe wykorzystanie całego systemu doradczego związane z potrzebami użytkownika. Umiejętne wykorzystanie tej wiedzy zapewni wygodną i efektywną pracę inteligentnego interfejsu.
EN
Decisions regarding appropriate methods for the heat treatment of bronzes affect the final properties obtained in these materials. This study gives an example of the construction of a knowledge base with application of the rough set theory. Using relevant inference mechanisms, knowledge stored in the rule-based database allows the selection of appropriate heat treatment parameters to achieve the required properties of bronze. The paper presents the methodology and the results of exploratory research. It also discloses the methodology used in the creation of a knowledge base.
PL
Decyzje dotyczące odpowiedniej metody obróbki cieplnej brązów mają wpływ na uzyskanie końcowych własności tych materiałów. W pracy przedstawiono przykład budowy bazy wiedzy z zastosowaniem teorii zbiorów przybliżonych. Wiedza zgromadzona w bazie reguł umożliwia za pomocą mechanizmów wnioskowania dobór odpowiednich parametrów obróbki w celu uzyskania pożądanych własności brązu.
EN
The problem of materials selection in terms of their mechanical properties during the design of new products is a key issue of design. The complexity of this process is mainly due to a multitude of variants in the previously produced materials and the possibility of their further processing improving the properties. In everyday practice, the problem is solved basing on expert or designer knowledge. The paper is the proposition of a solution using computer-aided analysis of material experimental data, which may be acquired from external data sources. In both cases, taking into account the rapid growth of data, additional tools become increasingly important, mainly those which offer support for adding, viewing, and simple comparison of different experiments. In this paper, the use of formal knowledge representation in the form of an ontology is proposed as a bridge between physical repositories of data in the form of files and user queries, which are usually formulated in natural language. The number and the sophisticated internal structure of attributes or parameters that could be the criteria of the search for the user are an important issue in the traditional data search tools. Ontology, as a formal representation of knowledge, enables taking into account the known relationships between concepts in the field of cast iron, materials used and processing techniques. This allows the user to receive support by searching the results of experiments that relate to a specific material or processing treatment. Automatic presentation of the results which relate to similar materials or similar processing treatments is also possible, which should make the conducted analysis of the selection of materials or processing treatments more comprehensive by including a wider range of possible solutions.
11
Content available Domain WEB Monitoring
EN
The last few years have seen a very dynamic development of the Internet worldwide. This is related to the rapid growth of the amount of information stored in its resources. The vast amount of data, impossible to be analyzed by man, is the reason why finding and selecting valuable information from a large number of results returned by search engines has recently become the task very difficult. Another problem is the low quality of the data contained in a large part of the results returned by search engines. This situation poses serious problems if one searches for detailed information related to the specific area of industry or science. In addition, the lack of effective solutions, allowing for continuous monitoring of WEB in terms of the search for emerging information while maintaining the high quality of the returned results, only aggravates this situation. Due to this state of affairs, a solution highly welcome would be a system allowing for continuous monitoring of the WEB and searching for valuable information from the selected Internet resources. This paper describes a concept of such a system along with its initial implementation and application to search for information in the foundry industry. The results of a prototype implementation of this system were presented, and plans for its further development and adaptation to other sectors of the industry were outlined.
EN
The main scope of the article is the development of a computer system, which should give advices at problem of cooper alloys manufacturing. This problem relates with choosing of an appropriate type of bronze (e.g. the BA 1044 bronze) with possible modification (e.g. calcium carbide modifications: Ca + C or CaC2) and possible heat treatment operations (quenching, tempering) in order to obtain desired mechanical properties of manufactured material described by tensile strength - Rm, yield strength - Rp0.2 and elongation - A5. By construction of the computer system being the goal of presented here work Case-based Reasoning is proposed to be used. Case-based Reasoning is the methodology within Artificial Intelligence techniques, which enables solving new problems basing on experiences that are solutions obtained in the past. Case-based Reasoning also enables incremental learning, because every new experience is retained each time in order to be available for future processes of problem solving. Proposed by the developed system solution can be used by a technologist as a rough solution for cooper alloys manufacturing problem, which requires further tests in order to confirm it correctness.
EN
The paper outlines the rules of creating diagnostic tasks scenarios in determining the causes of defects in castings. The paper presents as well the rules of operation of the computer system for data integration based on Extract-Trasform-Load technology, and a description of prototype implementation of this system, also examples of the tests that was carried out.
PL
W pracy naszkicowano zasady tworzenia scenariuszy działań diagnostycznych przy określeniu przyczyn powstawania wad odlewów. Przedstawiono zasady działania informatycznego systemu integracji danych opartego na zastosowaniu technologii Extract-Trasform-Load, oraz opis prototypowej realizacji tego systemu, a także przykłady przeprowadzonych testów.
EN
This article presents a practical solution in the form of implementation of agent-based platform for the management of contracts in a network of foundries. The described implementation is a continuation of earlier scientific work in the field of design and theoretical system specification for cooperating companies [1]. The implementation addresses key design assumptions - the system is implemented using multi-agent technology, which offers the possibility of decentralisation and distributed processing of specified contracts and tenders. The implemented system enables the joint management of orders for a network of small and medium-sized metallurgical plants, while providing them with greater competitiveness and the ability to carry out large procurements. The article presents the functional aspects of the system - the user interface and the principle of operation of individual agents that represent businesses seeking potential suppliers or recipients of services and products. Additionally, the system is equipped with a bi-directional agent translating standards based on ontologies, which aims to automate the decision-making process during tender specifications as a response to the request.
EN
The object of the experimental studies was to determine the mechanical properties of a hypoeutectic EN AC - 42100 (EN ACAlSi7Mg0,3) silumin alloy, where the said properties are changing as a result of subjecting the samples of different types to solution treatment. An important aspect of the studies was the use type of device for the heat treatment. As a basic parameter representing the mechanical properties, the tensile strength of the metal (Rm) was adopted.
EN
The article describes the problem of selection of heat treatment parameters to obtain the required mechanical properties in heat- treated bronzes. A methodology for the construction of a classification model based on rough set theory is presented. A model of this type allows the construction of inference rules also in the case when our knowledge of the existing phenomena is incomplete, and this is situation commonly encountered when new materials enter the market. In the case of new test materials, such as the grade of bronze described in this article, we still lack full knowledge and the choice of heat treatment parameters is based on a fragmentary knowledge resulting from experimental studies. The measurement results can be useful in building of a model, this model, however, cannot be deterministic, but can only approximate the stochastic nature of phenomena. The use of rough set theory allows for efficient inference also in areas that are not yet fully explored.
EN
The paper presents a methodology for the application of a formalism of the logic of plausible reasoning (LPR) to create knowledge about a specific problem area. In this case, the methodology has been related to the task of obtaining information about the innovative casting technologies. In the search for documents, formulas created in terms of LPR have a much greater expressive power than the commonly used keywords. The discussion was illustrated with the results obtained using a pilot version of the original information tool.
PL
Omówiono znaczenie wykresów CTPc i CTPi w procesach obróbki cieplnej żeliwa sferoidalnego, szczególnie przy wytwarzaniu żeliwa ADI. Dokonano przeglądu literatury dotyczącej zagadnienia. Badania własne obejmowały opracowanie wykresów CTP dla czterech rodzajów żeliwa sferoidalnego różniących się głównie zawartością dodatków niklu, miedzi i molibdenu, odpowiednio: 1,55% Ni i 0,73% Cu; 2,26% Ni i 1,44% Cu; 1,60% Ni i 0,69% Cu oraz 1,50% Ni i 0,45% Mo. Zamieszczono mikrostruktury produktów przemiany przechłodzonego austenitu z wybranych próbek wykorzystanych do budowy wykresu CTPc-4. Na podstawie analizy otrzymanych wykresów omówiono wpływ Ni, Cu i Mo na temperaturę i czas poszczególnych przemian fazowych żeliwa sferoidalnego podczas chłodzenia anizotermicznego i izotermicznego. Uzyskano właściwości żeliwa ADI z dodatkami 1,55% Ni i 0,73% Cu spełniające wymagania dla 4 gatunków wg normy EN-PN 1563.
EN
The presented paper is a description of the significance of CCT and TTT diagrams in the processes of heat treatment of ductile cast iron, and especially during the production of ADI. A review of literature in the subject was made. Own research included drawing up TTT diagrams for four types of ductile cast iron which mainly differed with respect to the content of nickel, copper and molybdenum additions, respectively: 1.55% Ni and 0.73% Cu; 2.26% Ni and 1.44% Cu; 1.60% Ni and 0.69% Cu, as well as 1.50% Ni and 0.45% Mo. Presented are microstructures of products of overcooled austenite transformations from the selected samples used for the construction of a CCT-4 diagram. On the basis of the analysis of the achieved diagrams, the influence of Ni, Cu and Mo on temperature and time of particular phase transformations in ductile cast iron during anisothermal and isothermal cooling is discussed. Properties of ADI with additions of 1.55% Ni and 0.73% Cu were determined which meet the requirements for four types pf cast iron according to the standard EN-PN 1563.
19
Content available Eksploatacja wykresów CTPi w systemie CAPCAST
PL
Artykuł stanowi opis działania jednego z modułów systemu CAPCAST, umożliwiającego rekomendację materiałów z żeliwa sferoidalnego, posiadających określone właściwości lub mogących osiągnąć oczekiwane właściwości po przeprowadzeniu odpowiedniej obróbki cieplnej. Podejście opiera się na wykorzystaniu wiedzy zawartej w wykresach CTPi do określenia warunków obróbki cieplnej, w efekcie której można uzyskać pożądaną mikrostrukturę żeliwa zapewniającą oczekiwane właściwości materiału.
EN
The presented paper is a description of one of the modules of the CAPCAST system which allows determination of recommended materials made of ductile cast iron which show specific properties or may achieve the desired properties after an appropriate heat treatment process. The approach is based on the application of the knowledge developed from the TTT diagrams in order to establish the heat treatment conditions to achieve the desired microstructure of cast iron and thereby the expected properties of the material.
EN
This paper presents the concept of knowledge sharing platform, which uses an ontological model for integration purposes. The platform is expected to serve the needs of the metals processing industry, and its immediate purpose is to build an integrated knowledge base, which will allow the semantic search supported by domain ontology. Semantic search will resolve the difficulties encountered in the class of Information Retrieval Systems associated with polysemy and synonyms, and will make the search for properties (relations), not just the keywords, possible. An open platform model using Semantic Media Wiki in conjunction with the author's script parsing the domain ontology will be presented.
PL
Artykuł prezentuje koncepcję platformy udostępniania wiedzy wykorzystującą w celach integracji model ontologiczny. Platforma ma służyć celom przemysłu przetwórstwa metali: budować zintegrowaną bazę wiedzy, w której możliwe będzie wyszukiwanie semantyczne wspierane przez ontologię dziedzinową. Wyszukiwanie semantyczne pozwoli rozwiązać trudności spotykane w systemach klasy Information Retrieval Systems związane z polisemią i synonimami, a także umożliwi wyszukiwanie pod względem właściwości (relacji), a nie tylko po słowach kluczowych. Przedstawiony zostanie model wykorzystujący otwartą platformę Semantic Media Wiki w połączeniu z autorskim skryptem parsującym ontologię dziedzinową.
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