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Seasonal Bacterial Contamination of Groundwater in the Zagora Area, Morocco

Maliki Abdelmounaim, El Moustaine Radouane, Chahlaoui Abdelkader, Boudellah Abderrazzaq, Sadki Mohcine, Belkhiri Abdelkhalek, Taouraout Aziz

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

2023

Vol. 24, iss. 6

230--238

The assessment of the bacterial quality of groundwater is a critical step in ensuring safe drinking water. A total of nine (9) water samples were obtained from wells located within the study area, during the wet and dry seasons between December 2020 and December 2021. The parameters measured in this study include total germs at 22 °C (TG-22 °C) and 37 °C (TG-37 °C), total coliforms (TC), fecal coliforms (FC), fecal streptococci (FS), and the sulfito-reductor clostruim (SRC). The results show that the contamination levels vary widely between the different wells and between seasons. The highest levels of contamination were found in W6, with the highest values of all parameters measured except for TC. W1 and W7 were the only wells that were protected, and they had lower levels of contamination compared to unprotected wells. The sources of pollution were mainly related to agricultural activities, such as animal waste and metal waste. The findings of this study suggest the need for improved management practices to reduce contamination and protect the groundwater resources in the study area.

Salinisation process of Lake Sidi Boughaba, Kenitra, North Western, Morocco: A statistical approach

Lachhab Mohamed, Najy Mohamed, Talbi Fatima Zahra, Taouraout Aziz, El Qryefy Mohamed, Ech-Chafay Hassan, Belghyti Driss, El Kharrim Khadija

Journal of Water and Land Development

2022

no. 54

194--200

In order to determine the nature of the high salinisation rate of the waters of Lake Sidi Boughaba, which has been listed in the Ramsar list since 1980, 23 samples that were taken during four sampling operations were subjected to physicochemical analyses. The obtained results were processed using a combination of bi-varied methods (correlation tests) and multivariate statistical methods (principal component analysis - PCA). The physicochemical analyses reveal that they are alkaline waters with a pH ranging between 8.38 and 9.03, an electrical conductivity (EC) of the order of 12.4 to 17.4 mS∙cm-1, and high levels of Na+ and Cl-, up to 3700 and 6630 mg∙dm-3 respectively, indicating a marine origin of these waters. In addition, the statistical treatment revealed that the mineralisation of the waters of this ecosystem is controlled by four main mechanisms of the salinisation; the main mechanism underlying this strong mineralisation is due to the impact of the marine spray. The second-order processes are about the phenomenon of the ion exchange, the dissolution/precipitation of evaporitic and carbonate formations, the oxidation-reduction processes, notably the reduction of sulphates as well as biochemical phenomena due to the selective absorption of certain ions by fauna and flora.