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Screening of sweet and grain sorghum genotypes for green biomass production in different regions of Kazakhstan

Zhapayev Rauan, Toderich Kristina, Kunypiyaeva Gulya, Kurmanbayeva Meruyert, Mustafayev Mustafa, Ospanbayev Zhumagali, Omarova Aiman, Kusmangazinov Adil

Journal of Water and Land Development

2023

no. 56

118--126

As the impact of global climate change increases, the interaction of biotic and abiotic stresses increasingly threatens current agricultural practices. The most effective solution to the problem of climate change and a decrease in the amount of atmospheric precipitation is planting extremely drought-resistant and high-yielding crops. Sorghum can grow in harsh conditions such as salinity, drought and limited nutrients, also it is an important part of the diet in many countries. Sorghum can be introduced in many zones of Kazakhstan. Plant height and yield of green plant biomass of 16 sorghum samples in arid conditions were determined based on a set of agrobiological characteristics for field screening. The height of the studied samples of grain sorghum was 0.47 ±0.03 m, and the height of sweet sorghum was much longer, reaching up to 2.88 ±0.12 m. Also, there was a strong difference in green biomass in cultivated areas under different soil and climatic conditions, the green biomass of sweet sorghum was 3.0 Mg∙ha-1, and in grain sorghum, it reached up to 57.4 Mg∙ha-1. Based on the data of the field assessment for various soil and climatic conditions, the following samples were identified for introduction into production: samples of sweet sorghum for irrigated and rainfed lands of the Almaty Region and in the conditions of non-irrigation agriculture of the Aktobe Region - a promising line ICSV 93046. For non-irrigation agriculture of the Akmola Region, genotypes of sweet and grain sorghum are ‘Chaika’, ‘Kinelskoe 4’ and ‘Volzhskoe 44’.

Protein, Amino Acid and Carbohydrate Content of Fungal Treated Annual and Perennial Wheat Straw

Kurmanbayeva Meruyert, Makhatov Zhaksylyk, Kusmangazinov Adil, Karabalayeva Dina, Yerezhepova Nurgul

Journal of Ecological Engineering

2023

Vol. 24, nr 12

235–-246

The use of wheat straw as a cellulose containing raw material for the production of sugars and other biologically valuable products can solve the problem of food products shortages, by supplying oligosaccharides, xylose and other valuable metabolites of microbial synthesis. In our experiment, straw of annual spring wheat of the Tulkibas variety and perennial wheat of the Sova variety was added to the enzyme solutions of Trichoderma harzianum 121 and Aspergillus awamori F-RKM 0719 strains. As a result, the variant A. awamori F-RKM 0719 + Sova straw showed the highest level of nitrogen (1.05%) and protein (6.5%). The highest concentration of amino acids, 7.14 mg/ml, was found in the perennial wheat sample, while the lowest concentration, 1.32 mg/ml, in the annual wheat sample. The total carbohydrate content in the straw of the annual and perennial wheat varieties differed, namely, the perennial wheat straw with the addition of A. awamori F-RKM 0719, contained fructose in the amount of 0.0079 mg/g, while in the annual wheat it was absent. The glucose content in the perennial wheat straw was three times higher than in the annual wheat straw, 0.0144 and 0.0035 mg/g, respectively. Based on our results, we recommend wheat straw for the use as a raw material for chemical and microbiological processing.