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Removal of Humic Substances from Water by Means of Fibrous Ion Exchanger

Wasąg Henryk

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2020

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Vol. 21, nr 8

229--235

EN

Natural organic substances are found in all natural waters, and especially high concentrations occur in the surface waters. Humic substances, which often constitute the majority of natural pollutants, can be the source of undesirable odor and increased color as well as may accumulate certain toxic substances through sorption or formation of complexes. Another threat connected with the presence of humic substances in water is the possibility of the trihalomethanes (THM) formation during disinfection with chlorine. Additionally, it disturbs most processes employed for treatment of water. Hence, the great interest in the development of the pretreatment methods enabling to reduce the content of humic substances prior to the further water treatment processes. According to many researchers, ion exchange is an effective method for removing humic substances from drinking water supplies. However, the obtained effects are strictly dependent on the properties of the employed ion exchangers. The paper presented the studies on the removal of humic substances from water using fibrous ion exchangers. Owing to their structure, fibrous ion exchangers are characterized by very good kinetics of the sorption process, which enables the application of thin layers with simultaneous high flow velocity. Fiban A-1 – strong base anion fibrous exchanger, synthesized in the Institute of Physical Organic Chemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Belarus – was employed in the presented laboratory studies on the treatment of surface water containing substantial amounts of humic substances (over 10 g/m3). The applied anion exchange resin allows for efficient elimination of humic substances from the treated water, whereas the obtained sorption value, reaching approximately 20 mg/g of ion exchanger allowed treating about 255–270 bed volumes of water under the conditions of the experiment. The exhausted Fiban A-1 ion exchanger can be successfully regenerated using 2% NaCl + 2% NaOH solution, as five consecutive operational cycles showed no reasonable decrease in the amount of purified water.

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Assessment of Drilling Waste Addition on the Salinity of Soils and Growth of Selected Grass Species

Kujawska Justyna, Wasąg Henryk, Gawryluk Adam

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2020

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Vol. 21, nr 1

63--71

EN

The soils that sustained damage from the mining industry are threatened with high salinity. The aim of the research involved assessing the impact of drilling wastes on the salinity of soils, and the influence of salinity on the germination and growth of various grass species. The research involved the energy, germination capacity and growth of four grass species: tall fescue Festuca arundinacea (cv. Odys), red fescue Festuca rubra (cv. Areta), perennial ryegrass Lolium perenne (cv. Gazon) and smooth meadow grass Poa pratensis (cv. Alicja) in the soils with various amount of drilling wastes addition and different salinity. The drilling waste addition in the amount of 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 30% (v/v) (pH 4.1, EC = 8.84 µS/cm) significantly increased the salinity of the prepared mixtures to the levels of >2.5 dS/m, determined as harmful for most plants. Studies indicated that 5%, 10% and 15% (v/v) drill cuttings addition does not inhibit the growth of the considered grasses, while at the 25% addition of drill cuttings, the length of seedlings and roots is halved in comparison to the control sample without drilling waste addition. The mixture with 30% drilling waste addition, characterized by the salinity of 18 dS/m, inhibits the growth of all considered plant species. The conducted discrimination analysis indicated that cv. Gazon and cv. Odys differ from the other considered grass species, exhibiting the highest resistance to salinity caused by drilling waste addition. In turn, cv. Alicja was characterized by the lowest tolerance to salinity.

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Application of zeolites in removal of hazardous metal ions from drilling mud wastewater

Borowski Gabriel, Kujawska Justyna, Wasąg Henryk

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

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2019

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Vol. 55, iss. 6

1467--1474

EN

In this study, the adsorption behavior of natural and activated zeolites with respect to Cd2+, Cr3+, Pb2+and Zn2+, was studied in order to consider theirabilityto remove hazardousmetals fromdrilling mud. The batch method was employed, using initial metal concentrations in solution in the range of0.1 to 2.5 mg/dm3. It was determined that independently of the concentration, the adsorption ratios of zeolite towardsmetal cations match the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. The results of the research on the reduction of concentration of hazardousmetals from drilling mud wastewater by means of natural and activated zeoliteswere presented in the further part of this work. Natural and activated zeolites were introduced in portions (from 0.2to 10 g) to 100 cm3of wastewater; then, the content of metalions was determined using an inductively coupled plasma spectrometer. The experimental data showed that the applicationof activated zeolite enabled the removal rate of Cr3+, Pb2+, Zn2+and Cd2+close to 93%, 45%, 56% and 84%, respectively. In the case of the natural zeolite, the degree of hazardousmetals removal was lower by only a few percent, but still high enough to beinteresting from the practical point of view. Satisfactory effects of hazardousmetal ionsremoval from drilling muds were achieved using 2 to 5 g of zeolite. The obtained results proved that the natural zeolite constitutes an important material for efficient removal of hazardousmetalionsfrom drilling mud wastewater.