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Bošeľa M., Sedmák R., Marušák R., Sedmáková D., Petráš R., Barna M.

Geochronometria

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2014

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Vol. 41, no. 2

136--146

EN

Extracting cores from a tree using an increment borer has been standard practice in dendrochronological studies for a long time. Although empirical rules exist regarding how many samples to take and which methodology to apply, comparatively few studies provide quantification of the similarity of relative tree-ring-widths (TRW) around the stem circumference. The aim of this study was therefore to precisely measure the similarity of standardised TRWs around the stem circumference and to provide objective suggestions for optimal core sampling of Norway spruce (Picea abies Karst. [L.]) and European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) growing in Central European temperate forests. A large sample of crosssectional discs was used from Norway spruce and European beech trees growing on various slopes, at different altitudes and biogeographic regions across the Czech Republic and Slovakia. The similarity of TRWs measured in different coring directions was analysed by testing the relativized TRW around the trunk (rTRW). Comparison of rTRWs revealed no significant differences between coring directions, indicating that the relative increment was the same around the radius. The results also showed the high similarity between the rTRWs to be independent of both slope inclination and altitude. Moreover, the reconstruction of proportional tree diameters and basal areas backward in time from one core sample and one measurement of tree diameter (basal area) at the time of sample extraction is possible with reasonable precision.

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Instruments and techniques used in the implementation of natural disaster risk response project

Popa V., Badea L., Barna M.

Polish Journal of Management Studies

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2011

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Vol. 4

42-52

EN

Risk management is the process of identification, measurement, and risk assessment, followed by development of risk management strategies (internal/organizational management). Emergency situation - exceptional event, nonmilitary nature, that by scale and intensity threatens the lives and health of the population, environment, important materials and cultural values and to restore normality are necessary measures and urgent action, the allocation of additional resources and unified management of forces and means involved. Emergency situation management means identifying, recording and evaluating the types of risk and the underlying factors, stakeholder notification, warning people, limitation, removal or counteracting risk factors and negative effects and impact of these exceptional events. In the emergency response and restoration (Short-term recuperation period) the information about the hazard damages, and the restoration strategy becomes highly uncertain (ICP problems). Project management is the application of knowledge, skills, instruments and techniques on their project activities to meet requirements. The project fits into the concept of local management of emergency situations, seeking lines of organization and functioning of the National System of Management of Emergencies, namely: prevention and emergency management, insurance and coordinate human, material, financial and otherwise needed to restore a state of normality. Project aims to rationally exploit the full potential of the relief, economic and social characteristics given by the area of interest to efficiently and effectively managing risk.

PL

Zarządzanie ryzykiem jest procesem identyfikacji, pomiaru i oceny ryzyka, poprzedzonym przez rozwój strategii zarządzania ryzykiem (wewnętrzne/organizacyjne zarządzanie). Sytuacja krytyczna - nadzwyczajne zdarzenie o niemilitarnym charakterze, które przez swoją skalę i intensywność zagraża życiu i zdrowiu populacji, środowisku, ważnym materiałom i wartościom kulturalnym. Aby przywrócić stan normalności niezbędne są pomiary i natychmiastowe działania, przydział dodatkowych środków i ujednolicone zarządzanie siłami i innymi środkami. Zarządzanie sytuacją krytyczną oznacza identyfikację, rejestrację i ocenę różnych typów ryzyka i ukrytych czynników, zawiadomienie wspólników, ostrzeganie ludzi, ograniczanie i usuwanie towarzyszących ryzyku czynników i negatywnych efektów i skutków tych nieprzewidzianych wydarzeń. W systemach reagowania na zagrożenia i przywracania (krótki okres powrotu do stanu pierwotnego), informacja o niebezpiecznych zniszczeniach i strategia przywracania stanu pierwotnego jest bardzo niepewna (problemy ICP). Zarządzanie projektami to zastosowanie wiedzy, umiejętności, narzędzi oraz technik w przypadku zaplanowanych działań w celu spełnienia wymogów. Projekt wpisuje się w koncepcję lokalnego zarządzania sytuacjami krytycznymi i funkcjonowanie Narodowego Systemu Zarządzania Sytuacjami Krytycznymi: zapobieganie sytuacjom krytycznym i zarządzanie nimi, ubezpieczenie i organizacja ludzi, przywracanie stanu normalności. Celem projektu jest racjonalne wykorzystanie całego potencjału pomocy humanitarnej i charakterystyki terenu będącego przedmiotem zainteresowania w celu efektywnego i skutecznego zarządzania ryzykiem.

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Effects of post-cutting changes in site conditions on the morphology and phenology of naturally regenerated beech seedlings (Fagus sylvatica L.)

Barna M., Schieber B., Cicak A.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2009

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Vol. 57, nr 3

461-472

EN

We studied the response in growth and phenology of naturally regenerated beech seedlings to changed ecological conditions over 14 and 19-years after cutting with different intensity. Five different types of stand densities were modelled: plot C - control plot - no cut, L - low intensity cut, M - medium intensity cut, H - high intensity cut and CC - clear cut, with 1, 8, 22, 53 and 100% of relative irradiation, and 66, 68, 78, 92 and 100% of through fall, respectively. We were focussing on tree height growth and leaf area. Our phenological observations were aimed at onset and course of two spring vegetative phenophases: bud-burst and leaf unfolding. Already in two-year-old beech seedlings we found significant differences in height growth; the differences in mean leaf area, however, were observed later. From the viewpoint of phenotypic plasticity, the height growth in beech seedlings represented more sensitive response to the environment than the leaf area. According to leaf area size and height growth in the beech seedlings on control plot, the stress conditions were indicated, primarily from the lacking light. With stand opening, the development of recruitment was getting better, and beginning with plot M the increase of seedlings height and leaf area became continuously related to the amount of radiation. The results of phenological observations showed that the spring phenophases in the seedlings start first on control plot. The start of spring phenophases on the clearcut was always observed the latest, even in comparison with the parent stand. Correlation analysis confirmed a significant correlation (P <0.05, r = -0.61) between the mean air temperature in March and April and start of the phenophase leafing in the individual years. Analysis of long-term research showed that the trend of leafing's onset observed in course of 18 years was significant (P <0.05), manifested a shift towards earlier dates.

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Adaptation of European beech (Fagus silvatica L.) to different ecological conditions : leaf size variation

Barna M.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2004

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Vol. 52, nr 1

35-45

EN

This paper focuses on the issue related to the response of beech leaves to the opening of stand canopy resulting from a shelterwood cut of various intensity. Four research plots each with a different stand density provided different conditions for the development of foliage. The research was conducted on dominant, codominant and subdominant sample trees representing the mean stand diameter of all plots. The data were compared for the upper, middle and lower layer of tree crowns (each equals to one third of crown length). As for dominant and codominant trees, mean leaf area showed a tendency to increase towards the lower crown layer. As for subdominant trees, relation between the location of leaves in the crown and leaf area was similar to dominant and codominant trees but this trend was observed only on the plot most open. Only in the case of codominant trees the leaf area was decreasing with a decreasing stand density. Greater stand opening results in a proportionally smaller leaf area. Growing conditions for subdominant tree leaves were completely different when compared to conditions for upper tree classes. On the plots with harvest cutting we observed that a decreasing stand density resulted in a general increase of leaf size. The only exception to the rule was the control plot where the parameters recorded were higher and inconsistent with the above described trend.