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EN
The influence of sewage sludge incineration temperature on the formed ash constitution was examined. The comparative extraction tests of two differently prepared ashes (laboratory and industrial) were carried out in order to verify if the parameters of sewage sludge incineration influence the extraction selectivity of phosphorus compounds. The laboratory ash (A(lab)) were prepared from sewage sludge incinerated at 950°C on a laboratory scale while the industrial ash (A(ind)) comes from thermal utilization system of the sewage sludge at the Gdynia Sewage Treatment Plant, which uses fluid-bed furnace incineration at 850 - 900°C. It was found that the temperature and the conditions of the sewage sludge incineration process have an effect on the usage properties of the formed ash. Despite the twofold lower Fe content in the industrial ash than that of the laboratory one, its content in extracts after phosphoric acid leaching is 4.7 times higher. The lower values of PO4^3- leaching degree from the industrial ash than the laboratory ash were observed, as well as a decrease of extraction productivity.
2
Content available remote Phosphorus compounds extraction from the ash after the sewage sludge combustion
EN
This paper presents the research results on phosphorus recovery from the ash after the sewage sludge combustion. The sewage sludge produced in Municipal Sewage Treatment Plant ,,Kujawy" in Cracow was incinerated at the temperature of 1223K and leached with phosphoric acid. The goal of the conducted research was the greatest phosphorus concentration in the solution considering its future reuse as a raw material for phosphorus recovery. The experiment was carried out in five trials using the increasing mass ratio of the ash to the constant acid mass. The analytical control allowed to determine PO4(3-) Ca, Fe, Mg, Cr, Pb, Co, Cd, Ni, Zn,Cu concentrations in the obtained extracts and the solid residue. The application of phosphoric acid causes the increase of phosphorus concentration in the extracts and enlarges its attractiveness as the phosphorus source for the fertilising purposes.
PL
Przeprowadzono analizę porównawczą ekstraktu jonów fluorkowych do sztucznej śliny z kompomeru przy użyciu dwóch elektrod fluorkowych. Stężenie jonów fluorkowych w roztworze obliczono za pomocą interpolacyjnego wielomianu Lagrange'a 2-stopnia dla roztworów, w których pF = -log[F-] przypada na nieliniowy zakres charakterystyki elektrody.
EN
A comparative analysis of trace concentrations of fluoride extracted from a composite into artificial saliva solution has been made with use of two fluoride electrodes. The concentration of fluoride in the resulting solution was calculated with use of Lagrange interpolative polynomial of the 2nd degree. The pF = -log[F-] value measured for the solutions lies in the non-linear part of the characteristics for fluoride indicator electrode.
4
Content available remote Struwit - właściwości fizykochemiczne i zastosowanie
PL
Przedstawiono dane fizykochemiczne, a zwłaszcza krystalograficzne, dotyczące kryształów struwitu. Podano warunki i czynniki korelujące z powstawaniem kryształów struwitu, prześledzono proces jego wytrącania w strumieniu ścieków w oczyszczalni. Omówiono dane dotyczące kinetyki strącania struwitu, podano także dane literaturowe dotyczące właściwości nawozowych produkowanego struwitu.
EN
In the paper, presented are physicochemical, esp. crystallographic data concerning struvite crystals. Process conditions and factors correlating with the formation of struvite crystals are given and their precipitation from a stream off effluents in the treatment plant are followed. Besides, the data concerning the kinetics of struvite precipitation are discussed, as well as its fertilizing properties.
5
Content available remote Struwit - metody wytwarzania. Część II
PL
Wobec prognoz przewidujących wyczerpanie się złóż surowców fosforowych w przeciągu 70-100 lat, wiele ośrodków badawczych podjęło badania nad pozyskaniem alternatywnych źródeł fosforu. W pracy przedstawiono wybrane rozwiązania technologiczne wykorzystania procesów oczyszczania ścieków do wytwarzania struwitu, w szczególności do celów nawozowych. Przedstawiono perspektywy zagospodarowania odpadów z hodowli zwierząt jako źródła fosforu.
EN
In the face of prospects predicting the depletion of phosphate ore deposits within 70-100 years, many research centers have taken studies over gaining alternative P sources. In this work, selected technological solutions are presented, depending on the utilization of effluent treatment processes to manufacture struvite, especially for fertilization purposes. Outlooks for disposal of cattle-breeding wastes as phosphorus source are given.
EN
This paper presents technological and technical modifications of sewage treatment technology in the Tarnow Group Sewage Treatment Plant with a view to adapting to new law requirements related to cleaned sewage. The new integrated phosphorus and nitrogen removal technology was implemented in three stages which were precisely described. All technological changes introduced over the years 1996-2002 allowed for the stabilisation of the sewage treatment process. The goal of the conducted researches was also the greatest phosphorus concentration accomplishment in sludge with a view to its future reusing as a raw material for phosphorus recovering. Introduction of a new technological process causes an increase of phosphorus concentration in excessive sludge, which results in its significant content in ash and enlarges the attractiveness of that waste as phosphorus source for fertiliser purposes.
EN
The paper presents methods of phosphorus recovering from municipal sewage and also research results on phosphorus removing from municipal sewage treatment plants. It has been found that auto-thermal combustion process of the dehydrated sewage sludge in which combustible elements of sewage sludge are used as a fuel is possible. Ash amount, after combustion, is estimated to be about 10% of the total amount of wet mass of sewage sludge. Ash contains about 30% of FePO4 and its major crystal phases are SiO2, CaSO4 and Fe2O3. The most advantageous outputs of extraction of the phosphorus compounds from the ash were obtained by the use of nitric acid.
PL
W niniejszej pracy zostały zaprezentowane metody odzysku fosforu ze ścieków i osadów komunalnych, oraz wyniki badań nad odzyskiem fosforu z osadów biologicznych pochodzących z oczyszczalni ścieków komunalnych. Stwierdzono, że możliwe jest autotermiczne wysuszenie osadu dzięki wykorzystaniu ciepła spalania jego palnych składników, co pozwala na zmniejszenie ilości osadu do 10 % początkowej masy mokrego osadu. Sypki popiół zawiera rzędu 30% FePO4 a jego głównymi fazami krystalicznymi są: SiO2, CaSO4 i Fe2O3. Badania ekstrakcji popiołu kwasami mineralnymi pozwoliły otrzymać najkorzystniejsze wyniki w przypadku stosowania kwasu azotowego.
11
Content available remote Odzysk fosforu z osadów z oczyszczania ścieków komunalnych
EN
This work presents research results on the phosphorus recovery from the sludge from sewage-treatment plant "Kujawy" in Krakow. The laboratory scale experiments on real sewage (total P around 1.1 mg per 1) were very successful in phosphorus recovery and produced sodium phosphate, for further industrial utilization, and ferric sulfate known as a PIX. The following steps of the recovery processes are described in detail.
EN
This paper presents the method for treatment of industrial wastewater detained during STPP and phosphoric acid production in "Alwernia" Chemical Works. The potential recovery of phosphorus and its use as a substitute of natural raw materials in feed phosphate production is presented too.
13
Content available remote Strącanie związków fosforu w Tarnowskiej Grupowej Oczyszczalni Ścieków
PL
Przedstawiono wyniki metody strąceniowej do usuwania fosforu w Tarnowskiej Grupowej Oczyszczalni Ścieków. Do strącania fosforu zastosowano preparat PIX, będący 40,5% roztworem Fe2(SO4)3 w ilości około 58 g/m3 ścieku. Pozwoliło to na zmniejszenie stężenia fosforu do poniżej 1,5 mg/dm3 w oczyszczanych ściekach, co odpowiada wymogom przepisów obowiązujących od 1 stycznia 2000 r. Analiza ekonomiczna wykazała, że w 2000 roku przyrost kosztów z tytułu chemicznego strącania fosforu wyniósł 7-8%.
EN
The findings of the precipitation method used for phosphate removal in the title treatment plant are presented. Precipitating agent PIX, being a 40,5% Fe2(SO4)3, was used in the amount of 58g/m3 of waste water. It allowed to reduce phosphate comcentration to less than 1,5 mg/dm3 in the waste water treated, corresponding to the requirements obliged from 1.1.2000. The cost increase due to chemical phosphate precipitation was 7-8% in 2000.
14
Content available remote Możliwości konwersji fosforanu żelaza do fosforanów sodu lub wapnia
EN
This work presents research results on the conversion of ferric and aluminium phosphates into sodium and calcium phosphates. This solution gives a chance on the method of indirect recovery of phosphorus compound from the waste. The use of proposed method allows to increase phosphorus concentration in solution from the conversion 5,000 times in comparison to its concentration in sewage.
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