Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Wisła - historia badań wód Królowej Polskich Rzek w przekroju ujściowym do Morza Bałtyckiego

Niemirycz E., Gromiec M.

Gospodarka Wodna

|

2018

|

Nr 7

201--203

PL

Wisła przeszła liczne zmiany w morfologii, ekologii i jakości jej wód jako konsekwencję gospodarowania rzeką. Dokonano historycznego przeglądu tej sytuacji. Jednakże celem tej pracy jest generalny przegląd jakości wody rzeki, w szczególności w jej przekroju ujściowym do morza.

EN

The Vistula River has undergone a number of changes in morphology, ecology and quality of waters, being a consequence ofthe river management. The article gives a historical overview of this situation. However, the aim of this article is to present a general overview of the quality of the Vistula waters, in particular in its estuary cross-section.

2

Partition of pentachlorophenol (PCP) into particulate and dissolved phases in the waters of the Vistula River mouth at the Gulf of Gdańsk

Kobusińska M. E., Witt M., Lewandowski K., Niemirycz E.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

|

2016

|

Vol. 45, No. 2

172--181

EN

The Vistula River plays an important role in the supply of autochthonous and allochthonous material to the Gulf of Gdańsk. The suspended particulate matter (SPM) of fluvial origin is considered to constitute a specific sorbent for halogenated organic compounds due to their lipophilic characteristics and relative solubility. Because there are many factors affecting the input of SPM into the estuarine environment of the Gulf of Gdańsk, e.g. hydrological characteristics of the Vistula River, it became necessary to verify whether the same processes may affect a discharge of organic contaminants. The study presents an approach to the assessment of temporal trends in SPM concentration in the Vistula River discharged into the Gulf of Gdańsk as well as the analysis of pentachlorophenol (PCP), a commonly used agricultural biocide, a precursor of dioxins in either dissolved or particulate phases in the river (the Vistula River) and sea waters (the Gulf of Gdańsk). The study revealed that the hydrological characteristics appear to influence a load of SPM. However, the discharge of PCP is additionally related to the environmental conditions, physicochemical properties of the compound and the sorbent, affecting the partitioning of PCP into dissolved and particulate phases.

3

Migration of pentachlorophenol in artificial and natural sediments of Puck Bay

Maciak J., Lewandowski K., Niemirycz E.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

|

2016

|

Vol. 45, No. 3

368--378

EN

Pentachlorophenol (PCP) is an anthropogenic substance, toxic to humans. The major source of this compound in the environment are wastes from factories producing PCP and materials (textiles, wood) treated with PCP. In 2008, a dossier was prepared to support the inclusion of PCP in Annex I to the Protocol of the 1979 Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution on Persistent Organic Pollutants. The draft decision to add PCP along with its salts (NaPCP) and esters (PCPL) in Annex A of the Stockholm Convention was adopted during the seventh meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the Stockholm Convention in 2015. The aim of present study was to assess the status of contamination in Puck Bay with this harmful substance. The surface bottom sediments of Puck Bay were contaminated with pentachlorophenol to varying degrees, ranging from 17.4 ± 5.6 ng g-1 d.w. to 230.1 ± 20.8 ng g-1 d.w. The majority of samples collected from deepwater areas of Puck Bay were contaminated with PCP above 25 ng g-1 d.w. (value of Predicted No Effect Concentration). It has been assessed that bottom currents occurring in Puck Bay can affect sediments deposited at the Gdynia dumping site.

4

Podstawy prawne regulujące monitorowanie zagrożeń antropogenicznych środowiska Morza Bałtyckiego

Maciak J., Niemirycz E., Gromiec M.

Gospodarka Wodna

|

2016

|

Nr 3

77--79

PL

W artykule omówiono podstawy prawne do monitorowania wybranych zagrożeń antropogenicznych środowiska Morza Bałtyckiego. Przede wszystkim przedstawiono podstawowe akty prawne, takie jak: Konwencje Helsińskie i Bałtycki Plan Działań, Ramowa Dyrektywa Wodna i Ramowa Dyrektywa Strategii Morskiej. Zwrócono szczególną uwagę na problemy prawne związane z wydobytym urobkiem i jego składowaniem w morzu i na lądzie.

5

Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and pentachlorophenol (PCP) in bottom sediments of the Port of Gdansk

Lewandowski K., Witt M., Kobusińska M., Niemirycz E.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

|

2014

|

Vol. 43, No. 3

312--323

EN

Combustion processes are considered to be the main source of the dioxin emission in the Baltic region. Pentachlorophenol (PCP) and its derivatives, pentachlorophenyl laurate (PCPL) and sodium pentachlorophenate (NaPCP) are known as precursors of dioxins. The research was conducted to obtain the first data on the concentration of PCDD/Fs and PCP in the bottom sediments of the Port of Gdansk. Toxicity (the Microtox® test) as well as several sediment parameters have been examined. In the surface layer of bottom sediments from the Port of Gdansk, all congeners of PCDD/Fs have been detected using GC-MS/MS. The highest concentration was obtained for OCDD (224.0–271.0 pg g−1 d.w.) and HpCDD (51.0–36.0 pg g−1 d.w.). The content of ΣPCDDs prevailed over ΣPCDFs. This may indicate that anthropogenic pollution from the land-based thermal sources has the strongest impact on the concentration of dioxins in the port sediments. The concentration of 17 dioxin congeners (WHO-TEQ) did not exceed the probable effect level (PEL) of 21.5 pg TEQ g−1 d.w. The concentration of PCP ranged from bellow the LOD (< 0.85 ng g−1 d.w.) to 12.4 ng g−1 d.w. The positive correlation between toxicity and physico-chemical properties of the analyzed bottom sediments confirms that these parameters are important in terms of environment contamination.

6

Geostatistical methods for estimation of toxicity of marine bottom sediments based on the Gdańsk Basin area

Witt M., Kobusińska M., Maciak J., Niemirycz E.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

|

2014

|

Vol. 43, No. 3

247--256

EN

Toxicity assessment of environmental compartments, in particular sediments as a highly complex matrix, provides a more direct way to assess potential adverse effects of pollutants present in a sample in contrast to chemical analysis estimating only a quantitative level of xenobiotics. Interactions between chemicals, formations of derivatives and the influence of chemical properties of sediments such as the organic matter content causing the intensified sorption of hydrophobic pollutants suggest that a traditional approach to the sediment quality, based only on chemical analysis may be insufficient. The presented study describes the vertical and horizontal variability of toxicity of Gdańsk Basin sediments. Based on 128 surface sediments samples and using geostatistical methods, a prediction map for the EC50 parameter was created. This allowed the evaluation of the toxicity of the surface sediment layer at any selected point of the study area. The applied analysis can be functional for many other locations worldwide. In the present study, the hypothesis about the location of toxic sediments in the vicinity of Gdańsk Deep, outer Puck Bay and close to Vistula River mouth was further confirmed.

7

Factors determining the accumulation of pentachlorophenol : a precursor of dioxins in bottom sediments of the Gulf of Gdańsk (Baltic Sea)

Kobusińska M., Skauradszun M., Niemirycz E.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

|

2014

|

Vol. 43, No. 2

154--164

EN

Pentachlorophenol (PCP) and its derivatives are considered to be the precursors of dioxins, thus their concentrations in environmental compartments remain relatively correlated. Unlimited production and usage of PCP in recent decades may have posed a potential ecological threat to marine ecosystems due to uncontrolled discharge of this contaminant into the Vistula River and finally into the Gulf of Gdańsk. Since there are no data on PCP concentration in sediments of the southern part of the Baltic Sea, the level of contamination has been examined and possible influence of sediment properties in the Gulf of Gdańsk on the accumulation intensification has been investigated. The study has resulted in the evaluation of an efficient analytical procedure characterized by a low detection limit (LOD<1 ng g−1 d.w.). Instrumental analyses have been supplemented with Microtox® bioassay in order to assess the sediment toxicity. The obtained concentrations in collected samples varied from below the LOD in sandy sediments to 179.31 ng g−1 d.w. in silty sediments, exceeding the PNEC value of 25 ng g−1 d.w. (Predicted No Effect Concentration) estimated for the Baltic Sea (Muir & Eduljee 1999). It has been proven that properties of sediments from the Gulf of Gdańsk, including pH, Eh of bottom water, the content of water and organic matter, affect the rate of PCP accumulation. High toxicity has been recorded in the bottom sediments of the Gdańsk Deep but no statistically significant correlation between PCP concentration and the sediment toxicity has been observed. Analysis of PCP concentration distribution in sediment cores revealed that the surface layer is the most polluted one, which indicates a continuous inflow of PCP from the Vistula River. Horizontal PCP distribution in the sediment from the Gdańsk Deep reveals variability similar to that observed for highly chlorinated dioxins (Niemirycz & Jankowska 2011).

8

The role of lakes in inflow of water and biogenic substances in the polish part of the southern Baltic Sea [commun.]

Jańczak J., Niemirycz E.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

|

2011

|

Vol. 40, No.4

116-123

EN

Polish rivers, which make up 20% of the Baltic Sea’s catchment area, transport a load of nitrogen and phosphorus compounds into the sea. Theoretically, this load should be strongly correlated with the amount of water flowing in those rivers. However, this is not the case, especially in terms of the phosphorus compounds, since most of them come from point source pollution. The outflow load is also significantly influenced by nonpoint source pollution from farmland, which is very difficult to quantify. About 50% of nitrogen and 30% of phosphorus appear to come from nonpoint source pollution. It is important to realize that the load from nonpoint source pollution also includes the load of phosphorus and nitrogen transformed by lakes. Only recently, however, has this issue been mentioned in the specialist literature. In Polish studies on lake balance this remains a marginal issue. A limited number of observations indicate that lakes are capable of both limiting and increasing the load (mainly from the bottom sediments). This article presents some data on this issue which suggest that the roles of lakes in the transformation of the load of biogenic substances may be significant, but diverse.

9

The first Polish interlaboratory comparison of the luminescent bacteria bioassay with three standard toxicants

Nałęcz-Jawecki G., Baran S., Mankiewicz-Boczek J., Niemirycz E., Wolska L., Knapik J., Piekarska K., Bartosiewicz M., Piętowski G.

Environment Protection Engineering

|

2010

|

Vol. 36, nr 3

95-102

EN

Quality assurance test with standard toxicants should be carried out regularly to check the sensitivity of the testbiont and the quality of the procedure. In the luminescent bacteria bioassay, zinc sulphate and phenol have been used as the respective inorganic and organic reference sub- stances. ISO 11348 standard proposes 3,5-dichlorophenol (DCP) as a standard toxicant for luminescent bacteria toxicity assay. This work presents the results of the first ring study performed by 9 Polish laboratories. One hundred and twenty five valid toxicity data were received and only 7.2% data were rejected. In the case of DCP, all results were valid and the coefficient of variation for this compound was the lowest.

10

The MicrotoxŽ biological test: Application in toxicity evaluation of surface waters and sediments in Poland

Niemirycz E., Nichthauser J., Staniszewska M., Nałęcz-Jawecki G., Bolałek J.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

|

2007

|

Vol. 36, No.4

151-163

EN

Research into the suitability of MicrotoxŽ for the evaluation of toxicity of surface waters and bottom sediments in Poland was conducted. Water bodies of various pollution levels were tested, including the Odra River and its tributaries, the Lower Vistula River, the Kashubian Lake District and the Gulf of Gdańsk, using a MicrotoxŽ Model 500 analyser (Mierobies Corporation, USA). The majority of tested surface water samples were found to be apparently non-toxie. However, 75% of the bottom sediment samples were found to be highly toxic (EC50<2%). These results indicate that the MicrotoxŽ test is suitable for evaluating the toxicity of bottom sediments, in which pollutants tend to accumulate. It seems, however, that MicrotoxŽ lacks the sensitivity to be of use in analyzing water quality. The relationship between the toxicity of analysed sediments and their organic content was examined.

11

Transport ładunków zanieczyszczeń Wisłą w latach 1992-2001

Dojlido J., Taboryska B., Zientarska B., Rodziewicz M., Niemirycz E.

Gospodarka Wodna

|

2005

|

Nr 1

29-33

PL

Przedstawiono wyniki badań nad wielkością ładunków zanieczyszczenia wód Wisły przeprowadzonych w okresie 1992-2001. Badania prowadzono w trzech punktach pomiarowych: w Krakowie {km 63,7), w Warszawie (km 510,0} i w Gdańsku (km 926). Pomiarami objęto 50 parametrów jakości wody. Pobór prób dokonywany był w latach 1992-1997 z częstotliwością jeden raz w tygodniu, a od roku 1998-dwa razy w miesiącu. W ocenie wielkości ładunków wykorzystano codzienne pomiary wielkości przepływu w rzece w badanych przekrojach wykonywane przez IMGW.

EN

The water economy - in the present-day understanding of that term -has begun to develop in the latter part of the XIX c., when in spite of annexation of Polish territory the engineers have undertaken attempts at organization of investigations and have launched a number of water investments. After the independence has been regained those initiatives have been taken over by state agencies, research institutions and academies. In January 1929 there was held in Warsaw Engineering College the I Polish Hydrotechnical Congress which has created the Association of Water Economy. In result of Association's activity has been brought into being the scientific and technical monthly magazine „Gospodarka Wodna" (Water Economy). After some tens of years during which the magazine has been edited it celebrates now the seventieth anniversary of the work. In the paper there is presented the origin and development of the magazine.

12

Zmiany jakości wody Wisły w latach 1992-2001

Dojlido J., Taboryska B., Zientarska B., Rodziewicz M., Niemirycz E.

Gospodarka Wodna

|

2004

|

Nr 10

424-429

PL

Ocenę zmian jakości wody Wisły w powyższym okresie dokonano na podstawie wyników pomiarów przeprowadzonych w trzech punktach pomiarowych (km 63,7 - Kraków, km 510,0 - Warszawa, km 926,0 Gdańsk). Dotyczyła 8 wskaźników zanieczyszczenia (BZT5, amoniak, azot ogólny, fosforany, fosfor ogólny, chlorki, siarczany, chlorofil). W tabelach i wykresach załączonych do opracowania podano wartości minimalne, średnie t maksymalne badanych wskaźników w kolejnych latach.

EN

The presented in the paper evaluation of changes in waterquality of the Vistula in the mentioned above period has been made on the basis of results of measurements carried out in three measurement points (km 63,7 - Cracow, km 510 - Warsaw, km 926 - Gdansk) and comprising eight parameters (BOD 5, ammonia, total nitrogen, phosphates, total phosphorus, chlorides, sulphates, chlorophyl). !n tables and on diagrams attached to the paper have been shown the minimum, mean and peak values of measured parameters in successive years of the period.

13

Rzeka Radunia - wpływ funkcjonowania strefy ochronnej ujęcia wody pitnej Gdańska

Niemirycz E., Taylor R.

Gospodarka Wodna

|

2000

|

Nr 4

139-143

PL

Badania jakości wód rzeki Raduni wykazały, że wprowadzenie w 1975 r. strefy ochrony ujęcia wody "Straszyce" nie zapobiegło pogorszeniu się stanu czystości i wód rzeki. Głównymi przyczynami tego są intensywny rozwój gospodarczy w zlewni oraz niedostateczne egzekwowanie zadań warukujących zachowanie czystości rzeki.

EN

Measurements of water quality of the river Radunia have proved that the establishment of the protection zone of the water intake station ,,Straszyce" has not prevented the water quality from deterioration. The main reasons for that are the intensive economic development in the river basin and not satisfactory exaction of injuctions which condition preservation of water purity.