Ważnym elementem założeń do projektu scalenia gruntów są studia obejmujące sferę gospodarowania rolniczymi zasobami wodnymi, tj. występującymi w rolniczej przestrzeni produkcyjnej naturalnymi lub sztucznymi zbiornikami i ciekami wodnymi. Dotyczy to zwłaszcza urządzeń melioracyjnych oraz budowli przeciwpowodziowych wpływających pozytywnie na retencję danej mikrozlewni – bardzo ważnych w obliczu narastających w naszym kraju zagrożeń związanych z podtopieniami i powodziami, ale także z suszą. Artykuł ma na celu dyskusję znaczenia założeń do projektu scalenia gruntów, jako instrumentu kształtowania rolniczych zasobów wodnych. Istotną kanwą artykułu były wyniki modelowych prac badawczo-wdrożeniowych, polegających na zastosowaniu w prawnych uwarunkowaniach Polski metodyki tworzenia założeń do projektu scalenia gruntów Kraju Związkowego Turyngia, zrealizowanych przez Urząd Marszałkowski Województwa Małopolskiego przy udziale Uniwersytetu Rolniczego w Krakowie.
EN
An important element of the assumptions for the land consolidation project are studies covering the sphere of agricultural water resources management, including land reclamation and retention - very valid in the face of growing threats in our country related to spates and floods but also to drought. The research aims to present the results of the assumptions for the land consolidation project as an instrument for shaping agricultural water resources on the example of model research and implementation works carried out by the Lesser Poland Voivodeship in cooperation with the Federal State of Thuringia.
Geodetic management of rural areas in Poland is currently experiencing a kind of decline, caused by the relatively limited range of land consolidation projects. At the same time, structural problems of farms and, much more broadly – of rural areas – are among the biggest development problems in Poland. Therefore, it is suggested that wide-ranging proceedings for the so-called comprehensive management of rural areas should be introduced to the practice of geodesy and to issues of agricultural areas, which would include broad measures enabling sustainable spatial and structural development of rural municipalities, and provide solutions to particular problems occurring locally. This concerns in particular the broad (comprehensive) activities involving the preparation and implementation of spatial and infrastructural transformations needed locally in order to preserve and improve the economic (including also agricultural), residential, natural, and cultural functions of these areas, which would be intended to support the sustainable improvement of working and living conditions in the countryside.
PL
Geodezyjne urządzanie obszarów wiejskich przeżywa obecnie swoisty regres, wywołany utrzymującym się stosunkowo niewielkim frontem prac scaleniowych. Równolegle problemy strukturalne gospodarstw oraz znacznie szerzej – obszarów wiejskich, należą do największych problemów rozwojowych Polski. Dlatego sugerowane jest wprowadzenie do praktyki biur geodezji i terenów rolnych szerokich postępowań dla tzw. kompleksowego urządzania obszarów wiejskich, które obejmowałoby szerokie działania, umożliwiające zrównoważony rozwój przestrzenny i strukturalny gmin wiejskich oraz rozwiązanie występujących lokalnie problemów. Chodzi szczególnie o szerokie (kompleksowe) działania obejmujące przygotowanie i przeprowadzenie przekształceń przestrzennych i infrastrukturalnych potrzebnych lokalnie do zachowania i poprawy funkcji gospodarczej (w tym rolnictwa), mieszkaniowej, przyrodniczej i kulturowej tych obszarów, co ma za zadanie wspieranie trwałej poprawy warunków pracy i życia na wsi.
Geodezyjne urządzanie obszarów wiejskich przeżywa obecnie swoisty regres, wywołany utrzymującym się stosunkowo niewielkim frontem prac scaleniowych. Równolegle problemy strukturalne gospodarstw oraz znacznie szerzej – obszarów wiejskich, należą do największych problemów rozwojowych Polski. Dlatego należy rozważyć wprowadzenie do praktyki biur geodezji i terenów rolnych szerokich postępowań dla tzw. kompleksowego urządzania obszarów wiejskich, które obejmowałoby szerokie działania, umożliwiające zrównoważony rozwój przestrzenny i strukturalny gmin wiejskich oraz rozwiązanie występujących lokalnie problemów. Chodzi szczególnie o szerokie (kompleksowe) działania obejmujące przygotowanie i przeprowadzenie przekształceń przestrzennych i infrastrukturalnych potrzebnych lokalnie do zachowania i poprawy funkcji gospodarczej (w tym rolnictwa), mieszkaniowej, przyrodniczej i kulturowej tych obszarów, co ma za zadanie wspieranie trwałej poprawy warunków pracy i życia na wsi.
EN
The geodetic arrangement of agricultural areas is currently experiencing a specific recession due to continuing its relatively small land consolidation works. Simultaneously, the structural problems of farms and more significantly – rural areas are Poland's greatest development problems. Therefore, it is important to consider putting into practice to the regional office of surveying and agricultural land a wide range of proceedings for the so-called comprehensive arrangement of rural areas which would include extensive actions that enable the sustainable spatial and structural development of rural municipalities and solve local problems. This is particularly about broad (comprehensive) activities involving the preparation and implementation of spatial and infrastructural transformations that are locally needed to preserve and improve the economic (including agriculture), housing, natural and cultural functions of these areas, in order to promote sustainable improvement in working and living conditions in the countryside.
The paper presents the studies involving analysis of changes in shape of parcels of arable land under the influence of forest succession. The object of the research is the village Grębosze located in Świętokrzyskie voivodeship. The study material will cover all arable land existing in the studied village. The source of data were numerical registry maps from 1998 and 2013. The basic element of research, enabling comparison of changes in the efficiency of the production process are continuous parts of the parcels covered by one form of use. In the course of the output data processing and determination of the necessary technical parameters for the tested surface elements, the specialized tools and statistics were used. The studies were related to the evaluation of formation of these surface structures on the basis of their shape meter in the form of the so-called costs of cultivation. The obtained results make it possible to tell, to what extent the changes resulting from the consequences of the secondary forest succession influence the process of cultivation of neighbouring arable land.
PL
W pracy przedstawione zostały badania obejmujące analizę zmian ukształtowania parcel na gruntach ornych pod wpływem sukcesji leśnej. Obiektem badań jest sołectwo Grębosze położone w województwie świętokrzyskim. Materiał badawczy obejmie wszystkie grunty orne występujące w badanej wsi. Źródłem danych były numeryczne mapy ewidencyjne z lat 1998 i 2013. Podstawowym elementem badań, umożliwiającym porównanie zmian efektywności procesu produkcyjnego są ciągłe części działek ewidencyjnych objęte jedną formą użytkowania. W procesie przetworzenia danych wyjściowych oraz określenia niezbędnych parametrów technicznych badanych elementów powierzchniowych zastosowano specjalistyczne narzędzia informatyczne i statystyczne. Szczegółowe badania dotyczą oceny ukształtowania wspomnianych struktur powierzchniowych na bazie miernika ich ukształtowania w postaci tzw. kosztów uprawowych. Uzyskany wynik umożliwia stwierdzenie, w jakim stopniu zmiany wynikające z następstw wtórnej sukcesji leśnej wpływają na proces uprawy sąsiednich gruntów ornych.
Many rural communes are currently affected by the problem of unfavorable spatial and structural changes which manifests in chaotic building development and increase of unprofitable phenomena in agricultural productive space. The aim of the paper is to analyze spatial development of the chosen commune in conditions of south-eastern Poland and the way of its management in case of possession or lack of a local plan and a program of rural management works. The Subcarpathian Nozdrzec commune was used as a sample of the research. Performed analyses show that the surveyed commune has got numerous problems in the range of building structure, agricultural productive space development and landscape changes. The significant result of the analyses establishes that part of local plans did not guarantee proper building development and did not include decisions concerning agricultural productive space development at all. The commune also did not execute programs of rural management works which enable solving numerous problems of structural and spatial character. These problems also make possible to carry out many goals, including the equalization of developmental chances of rural areas in regard to urban ones.
The article is an opinion in the ongoing discussion on the directions of the legislative changes in the field of rural structures in Poland, expressed mainly in connection with the forthcoming EU programming period 2014-2020. In the very centre of discussion is a new approach to planning and implementing investment activities related to land consolidation (defined as "land consolidation development") in Poland. If investments in post-consolidation development are realized in coordination with water engineering, land improvement and flood control, then even under Rural Development Programme (RDP) for 2007-2013 more funds can be raised for improving rural structures. A prerequisite for this is to create integrated guidelines for land consolidation projects.
This article discusses the problem of point object placement in 3D space for the purposes of visualization. We have to deal with this kind of task, when we have to place objects on a DTM (Digital Terrain Model), which most often is an irregular triangle grid. Unfortunately, the case when the point objects are placed on a horizontal surface is very rare. This is the reason why there is a need for a technology that allows us to prepare the data required to work on the digital terrain coverage model development. The approach presented is an attempt to solve this problem in a simplified yet sufficient model for this kind of elaborations.
The article summarizes the pilot research project and implementation works performed by the University of Agriculture in Krakow. This was as part of the project "Valorisation and sustainable development of cultural landscapes using innovative participation and visualization techniques - VITAL LANDSCAPES", implemented as a part of the CENTRAL EUROPE project. The work was conducted in Mściwojów, Lower Silesia, with a particular focus on the von Nostitz family property. The work covered creating a 3D visualization of the revitalization concept for the property, while adhering to the rule of developing local community participation and decision-makers participation. The developed concept was also subjected to an advanced evaluation of the effects of its implementation, which covered the area of the property with its new functions. It also covered the water reservoir and the agricultural lands of the village.
In this study, an optimization process of the spatial layout of a village from the viewpoint of minimization of distances between parcels and farming settlements is presented. It is illustrated by the data coming from the village Mściwojów, which is situated in the south-western Poland. The proposed calculation process uses linear programming methods, and the input data are the result of the processing of the ground and building registration data bases. The results indicate a wide range of application possibilities of the optimization process of the parcel layouts, at different stages of operations connected with the restructuring of spatial distributions of rural areas. In particular, it refers to the realization of conceptions of the land consolidation results which are viable in a given area.
The paper presents the evaluation of soil water erosion risk of the Mściwojów water reservoir drainage basin. In the present study, modelling with the use of GIS (Geographical Information Systems) and RUSLE (Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation) erosion models were exploited. Values of topographic factor (LS) were calculated after formulas proposed by Moore et al. [1991] as well as Desmet and Govers [1996]. The results of erosion prognosis by means of RUSLE method after Moore's formula are by 40% higher than values evaluated after Desmet and Gover's formula. Eroded soil mean mass from area unit during the year is estimated at the level of 10.35-14.53 Mg • ha-1 • year-1, depending on computable formula used. Results of this research enabled to divide the drainage basin area into soil water erosion intensity zones based on predicted soil loss values according to Marks et al. [1989]. The study shows that water erosion risk of soil in the Mściwojów water reservoir drainage basin is very high. Almost one third of its area is located in the high and very high class of erosion risk.
The article presents a method of preparing input data for 3D visualizations. The authors implemented the proposed procedure when they were working on a visualization, with use of Autodesk 3ds Max software. The test object were the ruins of a historic grange that belonged to the Nostitz family in Mściwojów (Mściwojów commune, Jaworski district, Lower-Silesia Voivodeship). After surveying the area and analyzing the data, using MicroStation with a geodetic application MK (Mapa Kontekstowa - context map), a Digital Terrain Model (DTM) was created along with contour lines, with use of Data Acquisition (a tool in some programs of Bentley). Next, the models of spatial objects were created using the authors' software VITAL LANDSCAPES Tools, developed during the EU CENTRAL EUROPE program. It was the basis for development of a visualization of current land management, using the sotware Autodesk 3ds Max. This allowed the design of the future land management of the historic grange so that the landscape balance is maintained. The data processed in this manner can be used for photorealistic visualizations in Autodesk 3ds Max or other graphical sotware.
The article presents results of research and implementation studies conducted at the University of Agriculture in Krakow within the project VITAL LANDSCAPES realized with the support of the CENTRAL EUROPE Programme funded by the EU. The research covered the area of the manor and park complex funded by the family of von Nostitz in Mściwojów. Project activities involved innovative combination of advanced 3D visualizations with the participation of local communities and decision-makers for the valorisation of local cultural landscape assets, which were regarded as important elements of local rural development strategies. Activities towards developing local strategies are now an important trend in Europe. They usually engage local and subregional stakeholders in the development processes in rural areas with special emphasis on the development of strategy concepts, in accordance with the principles of Agenda 21.
This article explores the problem related to preparing the digital data used for 3D visualizations on big areas. Because of the frequent problem of having only a small amount of such data the authors introduce a technology allowing densification of the data that make up the Digital Terrain Model. This is where SURFER software finds its application. These methods are sufficient to generate images for landscape visualization.
The article contains the results of research on arable land configuration in Mściwojów. To determine the basic qualities of land configuration the following software was employed: MKTopo GUTR, Plikpol, Pole. The basic surface elements assumed for research were plots, defined as continuous parts of cadastral plots utilized only in one way. The analysis covered spatial parameters of the plots, estimated land configuration related cultivation costs, location of the land in the village and farm and basic features of the farm. The obtained results allowed to define the degree of influence of land configuration on the costs connected with cultivation and to determine if correction of land layout is necessary.
Przedmiotem artykułu są wybrane aspekty rozwoju przestrzennego wiejskich jednostek osadniczych jako przyczyny obecnych problemów rozwoju infrastruktury technicznej na obszarach wiejskich w Polsce. Opracowanie stanowi syntezę prac studialnych, przeprowadzonych w sołectwie Ujazd, położonym w podkrakowskiej gminie Zabierzów.
EN
The subjects of presented article are selected aspects related to spatial development of rural settlement unit as causes of current problems with development of technical infrastructure in rural areas in Poland. This study represents synthesis of research stages carried out in Ujazd village council situated in Zabierzów community near Kraków.
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