Hydrometallurgical recovery of silver from a solid residue after pressure leaching of a flotation copper concentrate from the Lubin Concentrator (KGHM Polska Miedz S.A.) was investigated. Thiosulphate leaching was examined with regard to the highest possible leaching efficiency and optimization process parameters. The effect of thiosulfate ions concentration within the range from 0.25 to 1.00 mol/dm3 at a constant ammonia concentration, and ammonia concentration within the range from 0.40 to 1.00 mol/dm3 at a constant thiosulfate concentration on leaching recovery of selected metals were examined. Moreover, the effect of copper(II) ions addition on silver leaching was studied. It was shown that the leaching recovery of silver increased with increasing thiosulfate and ammonia concentration. At the highest thiosulfate ions concentration, the observed silver leaching recovery was 60%. The best results were obtained at an ammonia concentration of 0.80 mol/dm3, where the leaching recovery of Ag reached 75%. It was established that addition of Cu(II) did not affect silver leaching. Nearly 100% efficiency of thioslulohate silver leaching was achieved by pretreatment of the solid residue after pressure leaching with NaOH solutions.
Hydrometallurgical processing of copper-bearing materials (ores, concentrates, by-products) is usually done with the use of acidic or ammonia leaching. In the case where a leaching feed material contains significant amounts of carbonate rocks and iron minerals the second method is preferential due to a higher process selectivity. However, it can also be problematic considering possible ammonia transfer during the subsequent extraction process. The paper presents results of extraction of copper(II) from ammonia leach solutions. The effect of a type of extractant, its concentration and type of diluent in organic phase on extraction efficiency and ammonia transfer was studied. A few commercial extractants were examined, namely LIX 84-I, LIX 984N, LIX 54-100. The results clearly indicate that in the case of extraction systems using hydroxyoximes the extraction efficiency is remarkably higher than for βdiketone reagent. Presented studies proved that extraction efficiency of Cu(II) is also dependent on the type of diluent and is less favourable for systems with non-aliphatic diluents. It was observed that ammonia co-extraction occurs and depends on examined parameters. Scrubbing of loaded organic phase showed that ammonia can be removed almost completely using double wash with sulfuric acid solution.
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Four alkannins, isobutylalkannin (1), β,β-dimethylacrylalkannin (2), acetylalkannin (3) and β-hydroxyisovalerylalkannin (4), two shikonofurans: shikonofuran C (5), shikonofuran D (6), and a number of sterols as well as esterified acids, have been isolated and determined from the n-hexane extract of Lithospermum canescens transgenic roots. Pigments 1 and 4 are reported in the present work as novel metabolites within Lithospermum genus, while it is also the first detailed chemical analysis of transgenic roots from the studied species. All chemical structures were determined by modern chromatographic and spectral means as GC-MS, ESI-MS, and NMR.
Systematycznie na terenie województwa małopolskiego powstają pożary w obiektach użyteczności publicznej, zabytkach, obiektach produkcyjnych, magazynach powodujące duże straty materialne oraz zagrożenie życia ludzi. W czasie pożarów giną ludzie, ulegają niekiedy zniszczeniu obiekty zabytkowe - bezcenne dla kultury narodowej.
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